Implemented by Impact of support incentives on biogas market - Experiences from Germany Future development possibilities such as heat utilization, biogas upgrading and fertilizer use Frank Hofmann, International Affairs Consultant Fachverband Biogas e.V., German Biogas Association Seite 1
Implemented by The German Biogas Association Operators of biogas plants • 4900 members throughout • Technology manufacturers Germany • Research institutions • Public authorities • Feedstock providers • Interested individuals Main objective: promotion of the biogas sector Definition of legal framework and • technical standards Exchange of information • 40 employees dedicated to Lobbying on federal, state and EU level • the topic Seite 2
Implemented by Content • Support incentives for biogas in Germany: EEG and future perspectives • Heat utilization • Biogas upgrading • Digestate use • Summary Seite 3
Implemented by Renewable energy targets in Germany 2035 2040 2050 2020 2030 Achieved 2014 2025 -40 % greenhouse gas -55 Climate -27% reduction (vs. 1990) -70 -80 to -95 % gross electricity 80 27.8% 65 55 to 60 50 consumption 40 to 45 35 Renewable Energies % final energy 60 12,4%* 18 45 consumption 30 -20 % primary energy - 9 % -50 consumption (vs. 2008) Energy Efficiency final energy productivity 0.2%* p.a. +2.1% p.a. doubling of renovation rate: 1% 2% building renovation ~1%* p.a. Source: Federal Government 2010, BMU/BMWi 2014, AGEE-Stat 2014 Seite 4
Implemented by Biogas in Germany - number of plants and installed capacity Seite 5
Implemented by Development of the Renewable Energy Act EEG (2000-2017) • Bonus for new techniques EEG 2004 EEG 2012 • Consistent fee • Bonus for for 20 years emission • Bonus for • Priority reduction • New system energy crops connection • Bonus for • New • Bonus for • 250 new plants manure using heat requirements a year • 450 new plants • 1000 new plants on efficiency and ecology a year a year EEG 2000 • 340 new EEG 2009 plants a year • Same structure as in 2014 EEG 2014 • Flexibility is a • FiT only for small manure EEG 2017 requirement plants (Max. 150 KW) • FiT for small manure • Tender process for plants plants (Max. 75 KW, larger than 150 KW 80% manure) • Existing plants can ??? • FiT for biowaste (90% participate in tenders biotonne) • 200 new plants in 2015 Seite 6
Implemented by Sufficient tariffs for market stimulation? The EEG 2009 tariffs! ≤ 150 KW ≤ 500 KW ≤ 5 MW Type of bonus 1 Basic feed-in tariff 11,67 Cent 9,18 Cent 8,25 Cent 2 Bonus for emission reduction 1,0 Cent 1,0 Cent 3 Bonus for energy crops 7 Cent 7 Cent 4 Cent 4 Bonus for residues from 2 Cent 2 Cent landscape management 5 Bonus for manure 4 Cent 1,0 Cent 6 Bonus for new techniques 2 Cent 2 Cent 2 Cent 7 Bonus for new techniques 2 Cent 8 Bonus for using heat 3 Cent 3 Cent 32 Cent Seite 7
Implemented by Fixed tariffs - Up to BM 150 kW 13,32 Cent/kWh Fixed tariffs - Up to BM 500 kW 11,49 Cent/kWh Biomass - Up to BM 5 MW 10,29 Cent/kWh § 42 - Degression 1% per year - Up to BM 500 kW 14,88 Cent/kWh Fixed tariffs Biowaste - Up to BM 20 MW 13,05 Cent/kWh § 43 - Degression 1% per year Seite 8
Implemented by Fixed tariffs for small manure treatment biogas plants - Up to 75 kW el 23,14 Cent/kWh in der DV Manure treatment 22,94 Cent/kWh in der FV biogas plants - Degression 1% per year § 44 - About 150 new installations estimated for 2016 Seite 9
Implemented by The future role of biogas in electricity production: flexibility instead of base load 20 % Renewable Energy Sources • With increasing share of RES, baseload loses importance 40 % Renewable Energy Sources • Flexible systems fill the Capacity [GW] valleys of wind and sun ► CHP with bioenergy and natural gas, the 80 % Renewable Energy Sources new role of biogas red Demand (2010) green Production of wind and solar energy Seite 10
Implemented by Content • Support incentives for biogas in Germany: EEG and future perspectives • Heat utilization • Biogas upgrading • Digestate use • Summary Seite 11
Implemented by Heat utilization • When biogas is used in a CHP unit to produce electricity, heat is produced as a by-product. This heat can and should be used. • Some options are: • In the own consumption of heat of the biogas plant • Nearby buildings: from the farm itself, or municipal buildings • To dry wood • In greenhouses • And many others … Seite 12
Implemented by Example of heat utilization : Niebüll ( north of Germany) Through a cooperation between several biogas plants and the municipal services company: • The biogas plants produce the gas • The municipal company built the gas pipes to transport the gas to satellite CHP plants, in order to produce the heat where it is needed. The heat of one CHP is used for the demand of a hospital and another two CHP plants provide heat for public buildings (schools, pools, etc.), amorn others. Seite 13
Implemented by Example of heat utilization: Thermal bad in Bad Windsheim Since 2007 waste heat produced at a biogas is provided to the thermal bad in the town of Bad Windsheim (south of Germany). The heat is used at the bathing complex, as well as at the sauna and the wellness area, saving up to 300,000 liters of fuel oil annually (equivalent to about 3 million kWh of heat) Seite 14
Implemented by Content • Support incentives for biogas in Germany: EEG and future perspectives • Heat utilization • Biogas upgrading • Digestate use • Summary Seite 15
Implemented by Biogas upgrading to biomethane • Biogas can be upgraded to biomethane, which has similar characteristics as natural gas • Burning characteristics (heating value, Wobbe index, etc.) can be adapted to local natural gas conditions (LPG or N 2 ) • Biomethane can be injected into the natural gas grid and be used as natural gas as: • Electricity • Heat • Vehicle fuel Seite 16
Implemented by Biogas upgrading to biomethane • There are several biogas upgrading technologies available on the market • This process step requires additional investment • The bigger the volume rate the specifically cheaper the upgrading process • Economically feasible only for high volume rates (e.g. above 500 m³/h biogas production) Seite 17
Implemented by Biogas upgrading ► Biomethane technology overview Basic operations Process Separation effect Adsorption Pressure-swing- CO 2 adsorption on a carbon adsorption (PSA) molecular sieve Adsorption Pressure water Dissolution of CO 2 in water scrubbing Chemical absorption Amine-scrubbing Chemical reaction of CO 2 with Methyldiethanolamine (MEA) Membrane gas Polymer membrane gas Membrane permeability of CO 2 is separation separation higher than that of CH 4 Seite 18
Implemented by Content • Support incentives for biogas in Germany: EEG and future perspectives • Heat utilization • Biogas upgrading • Digestate use • Summary Seite 19
Implemented by Digestate application Energy crops, manure, agricultural/industrial residues, biowaste Direct Application Liquid Application (further upgrading possible) AD plant Digestate In line with European and national legislation, voluntary product specifications Solid Liquid digestate digestate Separation Seite 20
Implemented by Nutrient content in digestate • Nearly all minerals which are feed into the digester will be in the digestate • Mainly carbon, some oxygen and hydrogen will leave the digestate in form of biogas • Typical content of digestate: pH DM N total N available P 2 O 5 K 2 O MgO S Org. Humus % FM % DM % N ges % DM % DM % DM % DM % DM % DM 7.1 – 0.4 – 2 3 - 95 3 - 17 30 - 100 1 - 6 2 .5 - 8 0.4 - 3 40 - 80 10 - 12 8.4 Seite 21
22 Implemented by Upgrading digestate Separation Drying Pelletising Composting Liquid Upgrading Separated Dried digestate Pelletised Composted Liquid digestate digestate digestate digestate Seite 22
Implemented by To summarize … • Feed in tariffs can be adjusted to steer the intended development of biogas. • Specific bonuses can steer technology development, like heat utilization or manure treatment. • A way to increase the efficiency is to use the heat. Heat can be used in many ways whether on the biogas plant or nearby. • Biogas can be upgraded to biomethane, can be injected into the natural gas grid and can be used like natural gas for electricity, heat and vehicle fuel production. • The digestate from biogas plants is valuable fertilizer, nutrients can be recycled. Seite 23
Implemented by Hvala na pažnji ! Frank Hofmann Konsultant za međunarodne poslove Nemačka asocijacija proizvođača biogasa frank.hofmann@biogas.org Seite 24
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