GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY 2015 2015 Communi nity Wide a and nd Go Governm rnment nt O Opera rations ns
Executiv ive S Summar ary This report provides an overview and analysis of the results of the City’s annual Community Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory and the City’s annual Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory. The 2014 Community Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory and 2014 Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory were used as baseline inventories. The 2014 community wide inventory was submitted in December 2016 to the Compact of Mayors, the second step within a four step process for a city to become compliant. The Compact, which recently became the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, is an alliance of mayors and city officials that have committed to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions. The Global Covenant provides a consistent and robust platform for cities to report their greenhouse gas emissions and requires cities to complete four steps to become compliant. The findings indicate that the commercial sector produced the most emissions community wide. Emissions from the energy use by the commercial sector accounted for 50% of all emissions. Additionally, it was found that the largest source of emissions came from electricity; which produced 69% of all emissions community wide. City ty gov overnme ment ope perat ations accou ccounted for or 2.8% of the to tota tal emi missi sions co commu mmunity wide de. In order to better understand the sources of these emissions, an inventory was specifically compiled for city government operations. City-owned buildings and facilities produced 65.8% of the emissions from government operations. The City’s vehicle fleet emitted 21.7% of the greenhouse gases from government operations. Electricity was the biggest source of emissions from government operations, accounting for 77% of emissions. The report finds that emi missi sion ons from electr tricity ty us use accou ccount for the majority ty of green eenhouse ga gas emi missi ssions commu co mmunity wide de an and in gov overnme ment ope perat ations. There is an inc ncrease se in in emi missi ssions between 2014 and 2015 by 3.3% community wide and by 3.7% for government operations. The City is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. It plans to set a reduction target in line with that of Miami Dade County and the state of Florida. Tw Two greenhouse se gas as emi missi sions inv nventories will be be compiled an annual ally; a community wide inventory and a government inventory. There will be a lag time between the end of the year and the completion of a greenhouse gas emissions inventory because organizations release their data at different times during the year and there is varying waiting time between the request for data and the receipt of data. The Environment and Sustainability Department has created a Guidance document for developing a greenhouse gas emissions inventory. This document includes the contact information for all entities that compile and possess the necessary data for future inventories. 2
Table o of C Conte tents ts COP21: Paris Climate Conference 4-5 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets 6 The Global Covenant of Mayors 7 ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability 8 Importance of GHG Inventory 9 Process for Completing the Inventory 10 Introduction to Community Wide GHG Inventory 11 Factor Sets for the Community GHG Inventory 12 2015 Community Inventory: Scopes and Sectors 13-14 Protocol 15 Community Inventory: Sectors 16 Data Sources for the Community GHG Inventory 17 Data Gathered for the Community GHG Inventory 18-19 Results from the Community GHG Inventory 20-23 Equivalencies for Community GHG Inventory 24 Trend: 2014 to 2015 25-26 Introduction to Government GHG Emissions Inventory 27 Factor Sets for the Government GHG Inventory 28 Data Sources for the Government GHG Inventory 29 Data Gathered for the Government GHG Inventory 30 Results from the Government GHG Inventory 31-34 Equivalencies for Government GHG Inventory 35 Trend: 2014-2015 36-37 Discussion 38-41 Conclusion 42 3
COP OP21: 21: Paris C Clima mate C e Conference ce • In the fall of 2015, the 21 st annual “Conference of the Parties” (COP21) met in Paris where 195 nations committed to lowering their Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions with the aim of minimizing the negative effects of climate change. • An international climate pact, the Paris Agreement, was adopted. The main goal of this agreement is to limit temperature rise to below 2°C between now and 2100. • Countries have agreed to meet every five years to assess implementation and submit updated national climate plans. 4
COP OP21: 21: Paris C Clima mate C e Conference ce • The current pathway indicates that we could experience up to 6°C of warming by 2100. In order to keep temperature rise to below 2°C, all nations must work to reduce their GHG emissions drastically. The area in the purple indicates the UNI UNITED GHG emissions STA TATES produced by the United States. http://ig.ft.com/sites/climate-change-calculator/ 5
6 U.S. G Gree eenhous use G Gas R Red educ uction Target ets http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Submission%20Pages/submissions.aspx In 2015, the United States committed as an entire country to reduce its total GHG emission levels by 26-28% by 2025 compared to the baseline year of 2005, and to make “best efforts” to reduce emissions by 28%. In addition, since 2008 the United States has reduced GHG emissions from Federal Government operations by 17%. Under Executive Order 13693 issued on March 25 th 2015, the US Federal Government has set a new target to reduce their government operations GHG emissions by 40% by 2025 compared to the baseline 2005 levels. 6
The he Glob obal C Cove ovena nant nt o of M Mayors rs • The Compact of Mayors and the European Covenant of Mayors joined together in 2016 to become the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, the largest global coalition dedicated to climate leadership. • The Covenant is an agreement by city networks to take a transparent approach to reduce emissions, reduce vulnerability, and enhance resilience to climate change and compliments the national approach. • Mayor Philip Levine signed on to the Compact in September 2015. • Four steps must be completed within three years for a city to become compliant: The fourth step is The first step, is to The second step is The third step is to sign the pledge and to compile a to establish an create targets for make a commitment community-wide action plan to emissions reduction to reduce greenhouse greenhouse gases meet the targets. and establish a gas emissions. inventory. system of measurement. Complet eted ed Oct ct 2015 2015 Complet eted ed J July 2 2016 To b be c complet eted ed by To b be c complet eted ed by June 2017 2017 September 2017 2017 7
ICL ICLEI – Local Governments ts f for S Susta tainability ity • ICLEI is a global sustainability network with the participation of more than 1,500 local and regional governments worldwide. • This non-profit membership network provides access to software and tools, trainings, events, case studies and peer networks to its members. • ClearPath, an online software platform created by ICLEI, was used to complete the GHG inventories. Through ICLEI, the City was able to have its inventories verified by a third party organization that is nationally recognized by local governments. 8
Import ortanc nce o of GHG G Inve vent ntory ory The 2014 Community Wide GHG Inventory and Government Operations Baseline GHG Inventory are the City’s baseline GHG emissions inventories. Annual inventories can be compared to the baseline and help create actionable Goals goals. The baseline and consequent inventories will guide us as we establ blish h emissi ssions re reduction ta targ rgets. Targets This is an important component of our Mia iami i Beach R Ris isin ing A Above R e Resil ilien iency Strate tegy gy- we are committed to integrating resiliency with sustainability. Actions Actions will be identified and assembled into an Action Plan in order to help us reach our goals and targets. 9
GHG I Inve nventory ory: The he P Proc rocess ss GHG Data Emissions Factor Sets The ICLEI ClearPath software was used to compile the GHG emissions inventory. Data was collected from various city departments and outside organizations. Factor sets were then created for Transportation, Waste Characterization and Grid Electricity. The data was input into ClearPath, where the factor sets converted the input data into the output of GHG emissions through various calculations. 10
Community Wide GHG Inventory • The community wide GHG inventory is the second step to compliance with the Compact. The community wide inventory is also an important account of the activities and sources of emissions in the community. 11
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