No Time on My Side: Examining Factors Affecting Co ‐ curricular Involvement Goals of Presentation � Understand motivations & obstacles behind co ‐ curricular participation behavior behavior PRESENTERS: Shimon Sarraf Susan Johnson, Ph.D. Lowell Davis, Ph.D. � Discuss study’s implications for Chad Ahren campus administrators 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 Atlanta, Georgia Outline of Session � Literature review � Research questions & Data source � Sample characteristics p � Survey structure � Results � Conclusions � Case studies Wabash College 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 1
No Time on My Side: Examining Factors Affecting Co ‐ curricular Involvement Literature Review Literature Review (cont.) � Benefits of co ‐ curricular involvement � What motivates participation? � Limited research exists to answer question � Retention (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005) � MacKinnon ‐ Slaney (1993) � Learning & critical thinking (Whitt, 1999; g g ( , 999; Gellin, 2003) � Houle’s (1961) typology for adult learning � Goal, Activity, & Learning ‐ oriented � Leadership and public speaking skills (Astin, students 1993) � Tan & Pope (2007) � Between 40 and 50% report not participating � Parallels current study but for adult in co ‐ curriculars (2007 NSSE) learners & single institution Data Source Research Questions � National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) � What motivates students to participate in � Developed in 1998, 1,200+ baccalaureate institutions co ‐ curricular activities? � NSSE Experimental Items NSSE E i l I � What prevents students from participating? � 2006 Co ‐ curricular Items � 10,000+ respondents from 33 schools � First year & Senior respondents only � Are there certain student characteristics that relate to participation behavior? 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 2
No Time on My Side: Examining Factors Affecting Co ‐ curricular Involvement Institutions by Carnegie Group Doctoral Baccalaureate Huntingdon College Roanoke College University of Colorado at Denver Occidental College New College of Florida University of Miami Scripps College Campbellsville University South Dakota State University Eckerd College Catawba College The University of Texas at Arlington Calvin College Ohio Northern University Masters Rhodes College Wiley College Trinity University University of North Florida University of North Florida Armstrong Atlantic State University University of Indianapolis Other University of Southern Maine Belmont University California College of the Arts University of St. Thomas (TX) Nichols College University of Wisconsin ‐ Whitewater Kuyper College Molloy College Southern Catholic College University of Portland Bryant University Alaska Pacific University Austin Peay State University Johnson State College Student Characteristics Institutional Characteristics % % NSSE % % NSSE First Year Senior Carnegie Barron’s Sample ‘06 Sample ‘06 Type Sample Sample (n=33) (n=540) (n=5,150) NSSE ‘06 (n=5,364) NSSE ‘06 3 5 Noncompetitive Doc RU ‐ VH 6 4 Greek 9% 9% 9% 11% 20 15 Doc RU ‐ H Less competitive 6 8 Student ‐ Athlete 10% 9% 5% 5% Doc DRU 0 5 30 3 39 39 Competitive Masters ‐ L Female 57% 55% 60% 57% 24 24 3 4 Competitive Plus Masters ‐ M 12 14 Part ‐ time 6% 9% 20% 20% 27 20 Very Competitive Masters ‐ S 3 7 Very Competitive On ‐ campus 66% 59% 15% 12% 0 5 Bac ‐ AS 24 20 Plus Highly B or higher avg. 80% 78% 86% 85% Bac ‐ Diverse 7 8 12 11 Competitive Other 12 7 Highly 10 2 Minority 14% 17% 15% 16% Competitive Plus % % NSSE Most Private Status 0 2 25 ‐ years or older 6% 8% 33% 31% Sample ‘06 Competitive Dependents 24% 28% 39% 38% 69 62 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 3
No Time on My Side: Examining Factors Affecting Co ‐ curricular Involvement Survey Structure � Hours spent in nine different co ‐ curricular areas. � If no time spent, respondent moves to last section � “Co ‐ curricular activities…” (agree/disagree) Co cu cu a ac es… (ag ee/d sag ee) � list of 13 reasons for involvement � “I do NOT participate in co ‐ curricular activities because…” (agree/disagree) � list of 8 reasons for non ‐ involvement Alma College Definition of Co ‐ curricular Activity Participant Status by Class Standing First Year Senior Total Athletics Student Government Non ‐ Participant 1124 22% 1662 31% 26% Academic club or honor Greek organization Participant 4026 78% 3702 69% 74% society society Total Total 5150 5150 100% 100% 5364 5364 100% 100% Service organization Campus housing/res. life programs Performing/ Visual arts Campus newspaper / other publication Religious group Other 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 4
No Time on My Side: Examining Factors Affecting Co ‐ curricular Involvement Student Characteristics by Participation Status First Year Senior Non ‐ Non ‐ Participant Participant Participant Participant 12% N/A 13% N/A Greek Student ‐ Athlete 14% N/A 8% N/A 55% 63% 60% 62% Female 3% 84% 12% 66% Part ‐ time On ‐ campus 76% 38% 22% 4% 81% 75% 88% 84% B or higher avg. 12% 18% 14% 15% Minority 25 ‐ years or older 3% 14% 21% 55% 19% 37% 30% 56% Dependents Austin College Why Students Participate (% “agree” or “strongly agree”) First Year Senior 64% Leadership Skills Leadership Skills 67% 63% Campus Connection Résumé 65% 61% Résumé Campus Connection 56% 57% Meet People Help Others 56% 56% Stress Relief Job Skills 54% 56% 56% Self-Confidence S lf C fid S lf C Self-Confidence fid 54% 54% 52% 50% Help Others Meet People 48% 50% Enjoyment Stress Relief 47% Job Skills Giving Back to School 45% 45% Giving Back to School Enjoyment 41% 37% Career Decisions Career Decisions 41% 36% Helps Academics Helps Academics 40% 24% Pays for College Pays for College 19% 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 5
No Time on My Side: Examining Factors Affecting Co ‐ curricular Involvement Predictors for “Extrinsic” Scale Extrinsic Reasons for Participation Scale ( α = .83) First Year Seniors Co ‐ curricular activities… Full ‐ time + + + 1=Strongly Disagree to 6=Strongly Agree On ‐ campus resident + + Enhance my academic work Female + + + B grades or higher B grades or higher + + + H l Help me acquire skills that I can use after college i kill th t I ft ll Race (Caucasian vs) Lat/AA/For (+) AA/Asian (+) Help me decide the type of work I may want to do First Generation after college Adult learner ‐ Will enhance my resume and make me look more Greek + + + + + attractive to future employers Student ‐ Athlete + + + Help me develop leadership skills Predictors for “Intrinsic” Scale Intrinsic Reasons for Participation Scale ( α = .76) First Year Senior Co ‐ curricular activities… Full ‐ time 1=Strongly Disagree to 6=Strongly Agree On ‐ campus resident + + + Female + + ++ Help me increase my self ‐ confidence B grades or higher Help me relieve stress Lat/Asian/For (+) AA /Asian (+) Race (Caucasian) AA (+++) Are the best way to meet new people First Generation Adult learner Help me give back to the campus community Greek + + ++ Student ‐ Athlete + ++ Are a good way for me to help others 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 6
No Time on My Side: Examining Factors Affecting Co ‐ curricular Involvement Why Students Don’t Participate % “Agree” or “Strongly Agree” 75 57 60 41 41 33 37 25 23 Rhodes College “Not Interested” Scale ( α = .67) I do NOT participate in co ‐ curricular activities because… 1=Strongly Disagree to 6=Strongly Agree I do not believe it is a good use of my time I am not interested in any organized groups at my institution I enjoy individual activities (e.g., reading, video games, watching TV) 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 7
No Time on My Side: Examining Factors Affecting Co ‐ curricular Involvement Predictors for “Not Interested” Scale “Life Factors” Scale ( α = .57) First Year Senior I do NOT participate in co ‐ curricular activities Full ‐ time + + because… + + + On ‐ campus resident 1=Strongly Disagree to 6=Strongly Agree ‐ ‐ ‐ Female As a distance education student, it is too difficult to B grades or higher become involved become involved Lat/AA/For Lat/For ( ‐ ‐ ‐ ) My time is devoted to non ‐ campus sponsored Race (Caucasian vs) ( ‐ ‐ ‐ ) AA ( ‐ ‐ ) activities (e.g., community or religious groups) First Generation Working for pay takes up too much of my time ‐ ‐ ‐ Adult learner My commute to school makes it difficult to become Dependents involved Predictors for “Life Factors” Scale Conclusions First Year Senior � Leadership, résumé, and campus connection top Full ‐ time ‐ reasons for participating On ‐ campus resident ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ � Enjoyment & academic enhancement less so Female � Reasons don’t change much between years, Reasons dont change much between years, B grades or higher B d hi h although seniors more utilitarian Latino ( ‐ ) Race (Caucasian vs) AA ( ‐ ) � Non ‐ participants more likely non ‐ traditional and AA ( ‐ ) have understandable challenges First Generation � The majority appear to be interested Adult learner ‐ ‐ + � Reasons for participation vary by student ‐ type Dependents + + + + 2008 ACPA Convention March 31, 2008 8
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