5/09/2018 Extend your Academic Vocab AKA HACKA & GUPSA WORKSHOP IG: @bicyles_create_change IG: @nina_griffith_uni FB: nina_griffith_uni Warm up: Write a paragraph Write on every second line. Write a 5-8 sentence paragraph on the topic of: Academic vocabulary 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Workshop PPT & Resources Go to: Bicycles Create Change.com > Resource Page 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 1
5/09/2018 Get in the workshop mood.. Describe your current academic vocab level? Who …. ◦ First workshop How much time/effort do you put in to building your vocab? ◦ Second workshop ◦ Third workshop What is your approach to learning new ◦ Fourth Workshop words? ◦ Been to all workshops Who do you know who has ‘good ◦ Is in the wrong room vocabulary’? What do you want from today’s session? 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Todays Workshop • Mixture of ideas, challenges, activities and tools • It is participatory (and yes ……. you will need to write something!) • Have a computer nearby – yourself or another • Some approaches will be more helpful than others • Always check with your supervisors • Aim to stretch your existing vocab base without too much stress • At the end: Review and discuss which aspect was most helpful for you 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Why are we here? Writing is easy. All you have to do is cross out the wrong words. Mark Twain (1835-1910) Learning a specific vocabulary for an academic discipline involves a bifurcated experience. It requires learning of: 1. the technical terminology the field employs 2. learning about the world as seen or interpreted by that particular field This makes learning academic vocabulary very complex - it requires both a construct and its embedded cultural values. ◦ Goodson (2016) 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 2
5/09/2018 Daniel Dalton / BuzzFeed / Via pexels.com 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Focus for today 1. 5 quick and easy ways to develop vocab (and paraphrasing) 2. Nominalisation 3. Verbs 4. From general to academic English 5. 5 Kick-ass Vocab Tactics 6. Best 3 activities to build academic vocab 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 5 quick and easy ways to develop vocab (and paraphrasing) 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 3
5/09/2018 See Cohesion & Coherence Workshop PPT for 1. Synonyms more ideas on this Synonyms are words with very similar meanings to another e.g. big and large are synonyms. Using suitable synonyms is an important skill (esp. for paraphrasing). However, not all words that are synonyms have exactly the same meaning or can be used in the same way. Be careful about using words you are not familiar with. Also, do not use synonyms for specialist vocabulary or commonly used terms. Hint: try using antonyms as a form synonyms 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Of course I have a thesaurus on my desk! 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Online Thesaurus Use an online resources like thesaurus.com for synonyms – check you are using the correct definition 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 4
5/09/2018 2 & 3 . Use different parts of speech AND different word order Change words into different parts of speech: Change: nouns into verbs…. adjectives into adverbs… verbs into adjectives This will (automatically) change the sentence structure (reordering). It avoids just swapping synonyms and also help to avoid plagiarism. 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 2 & 3 . Use different parts of speech AND different word order Consider: The economy will increase over the next ten years. Over the next ten years, there will be an economic increase. There are negative impacts to native plants and animals of Australian forest destruction . (13) Destroying the forests of Australia is negatively impacting native plants and animals. (12) Australian deforestation negatively impacts native plants and animals. (8) 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM See Academic Writing for International Students Workshop PPT for more 4. Change the sentence type 4 types of sentences 1. Simple sentences (one independent clause) ◦ Product awareness is strong. 2. Compound sentences (more than one independent clause) ◦ Product awareness is strong, but sales are lower than expected. 3. Complex sentences (a combination of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses) ◦ Although product awareness is strong, sales are lower than expected. 4. Combination sentences (compound & complex sentences) ◦ While product awareness is strong, sales are lower than expected and investors are worried. 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 5
5/09/2018 5. Change active voice to passive voice (or vice versa) In some cases, you may be able to change sentences written in active voice into passive voice (and vice versa). Remember that the tense does not change. Active voice = subject + verb Passive voice = to be + past participle (+ by agent) She presented the report > The report was presented by her. McDonalds is implementing a diversification strategy > A diversification strategy is being implemented by McDonalds. An audit needs to be undertaken > (Someone) needs to undertake an audit. 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Practice & Apply Edit your paragraph. Apply each of these techniques once. Need at least 3 to mitigate plagiarism 1. Synonyms 2 & 3. Use different parts of speech AND different word order 4. Change the sentence type 5. Change active voice to passive voice 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Nominalisation 6
5/09/2018 What is nominalisation? Academic writing frequently uses nominalisation - using noun forms of verbs. The process of nominalisation turns verbs (actions or events) into nouns (things, concepts or people) The text is then no longer describing actions (active/concrete): it is focused on objects or concepts (abstraction) It usually uses less words and is considered to be more ‘formal’ in expression. 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Example We walked for charity. The verb 'walked' is nominalised to the noun 'walk' The charity walk ..... When a verb is nominalised, it becomes a concept rather than an action . As a consequence, the tone of your writing will sound more abstract and more formal.. We walked for charity. We raised money for the Leukemia Foundation. The charity walk raised money for the Leukemia Foundation. 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM See below: how verbs are replaced by nouns (nominalisation) Example one: Crime was increasing rapidly and the police were becoming concerned. The rapid increase in crime was causing concern among the police. Example two: Germany invaded Poland in 1939. This was the immediate cause of the Second World War breaking out. Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 was the immediate cause of the outbreak of the Second World War. 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 7
5/09/2018 Extract from a biology report. Nominalisation has been used frequently in this passage, creating a more academic, abstract tone. Many Australian plant species produce seeds with fleshy appendages called elaiosomes. It was hypothesised that elaiosomes are involved in the dispersal of seeds by ants. To test this hypothesis, the removal of seeds with elaiosomes was compared to seeds from which the elaiosome had been removed and observations were made to confirm that the agents of seed removal were indeed ants. It was found that the removal of seeds with elaiosomes was significantly greater than those without elaiosomes. Observations of the seed removal process confirmed that ants were the only agents of seed removal. 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Extract from a biology report. Nominalisation has been used frequently in this passage, creating a more academic, abstract tone. Many Australian plant species produce seeds with fleshy appendages called elaiosomes. It was hypothesised that elaiosomes are involved in the dispersal of seeds by ants. To test this hypothesis, the removal of seeds with elaiosomes was compared to seeds from which the elaiosome had been removed and observations were made to confirm that the agents of seed removal were indeed ants. It was found that the removal of seeds with elaiosomes was significantly greater than those without elaiosomes. Observations of the seed removal process confirmed that ants were the only agents of seed removal. 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM Because only a few people have most of the money and power in Australia, I conclude that it is not an equal society. Society has an Upper, Middle and Lower class and I think that most people when they are born into one class, end up What formal academic vocab and staying in that class for their whole lives. When all three writing style features classes are looked at more could be applied to closely, other things such as improve this text? the differences between the sexes and people's racial backgrounds also add to the unequal nature of Australian society. Women earn less than men and own less than men. Why is this so? 5/09/2018 NINA GINSBERG: BICYCLES CREATE CHANGE.COM 8
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