Genetics Unit Lesson 2: How are Characteristics Inherited? VOCAB - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Genetics Unit

Lesson 2: How are Characteristics Inherited?

VOCAB 1-4

1) Genetics - the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms. 2) DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - carries the genetic information for a cell and is a set of instructions that tells the cell what to do or be. 3) Chromosome – a single long molecule of DNA (x shape). 4) Gene – a part of the chromosome that contains DNA.

5) Inherited trait – a characteristic passed from parents to their offspring. 6) Dominant trait – a strong trait that appears even if the organisms has only one factor. 7) Recessive trait – a trait that appears only if an

• rganism has two factors.

8) Hidden trait – a trait that an organism carries, but is not expressed.

VOCAB 5-8

The Father of Genetics

➢19th century Austrian monk ➢His experiments with pea plants taught scientists how traits are passed from parents to their

• ffspring

Gregor Mendel

A monk is a member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty and

• bedience.

Punnett Square

You can use a Punnett Square to predict the trait that offspring will show. Insta Lab! Toss 2 pennies 30 times and record how they land on your own Punnett Square

Textbook pages 160-161

3 Types of Adaptations:

1.

Physical

2.

Behavioral

3.

Life processes Study Jams – Animal Adaptations

Textbook pages 162-163

➢

Adaptations are inherited traits that help living things meet basic needs and survive in their environments.

➢

Migration is an inherited trait that causes some animals to move to different places in order to survive.

➢

Extinction is the death of all organisms of a species.

Adaptations, Migration, Extinction

BrainPop Extinction

Bat Adaptations

Polar Bear Adaptations

Genes

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic

Acid) is the chemical code that gives you your inherited traits like hair color, eye color, height, handedness and tongue rolling

• Humans have 46 pairs of

chromosomes or 23 pairs

• f a single long molecule of

DNA (x shape).

Textbook pages 166-167

Lesson 3: What Other Factors Affect Characteristics?

Pages 168-176 in textbook

VOCAB 9-12

9) Heredity - the passing on of traits from parents to a child 10) Instinct – a behavior that an organism inherits 11) Learned (or acquired) behavior – a behavior that an animal acquires through experience 12) Environment – all the living and nonliving things that surround and affect an organism.

Investigate

➢Draw the chart on textbook page 170 ➢Decide if each behavior is a learned or inherited behavior. Remember our 2 vocabulary words: Instinct – a behavior that an organism inherits Learned (or acquired) behavior – a behavior that an animal acquires through experience

Textbook pages 170-171

WHAT IS HEREDITY?

Heredity - the passing on

• f traits from parents to a child

❖ We inherit traits from our parents

1. What traits have your inherited from your parents? 2. Why do brothers and sisters resemble each other?

BrainPop Heredity 2:49

Inherited vs Learned Traits

1. Work with a partner to fill out #1-18 2. check your answers with the class 3. Fill out the Inherited/Acquired Traits flappable in your journals

Examples of Inherited traits

Inherited Traits:

• Traits are characteristics we inherit

from your parents.

• The environment we grow up and

live in also helps define our traits. ✓ For example: exposure to chemicals or sunlight can change hair color

Instincts

Brainpop: Behavior 3:04 Instinct is a behavior that an organism inherits. Journal Prompt: What effect do instincts have on an animal’s survival?

Textbook pages 172-173 https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/video s/d64db623-ad07-4da3-9904-253300a0d2d8

Learned Behaviors

an animal acquires these behaviors through experience. Learned behaviors are ACQUIRED (learned or developed)

Textbook pages 174-175

Examples of Learned behaviors:

• Cheetahs learn hunting skills
• Toddlers learn how to walk and talk
• Children learn how to use a spoon & fork
• Parrots learn how to mimic humans

https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/340a5e95-c68a- 4e54-9571-0e4777986912

Environmental Influences

➢ Some changes in environments force animals to change their behavior or may cause a physical change ▪ If food is less available, animals learn to eat different food or move to another area ▪ Pollution and poison can damage chromosomes that affect offspring causing defects

Textbook pages 176-178

Genetic mutations occur when there are changes in a cell’s DNA.

Albinism – loss of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes

Bill Nye Genetics

https://brainpop genetic mutations/

Smallest Woman in the World

The Secret of the Four Leaf Clover 1:40

How Rare Are Four Leaf Clovers?

Famous DNA Scientists: Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Franklin: an English scientist who made the first x-ray images of DNA

DNA X-ray

discovery/history 1950’s -1960’s Maurice Wilkins gives Franklin’s x-rays to Watson and Crick Francis Crick and James Watson make a model of DNA

Maurice Wilkins

• Franklin dies of

cancer

• Wilkins, Watson, and

Crick share a Nobel Prize for the DNA model

Watson and Crick