EIGHT HOURS FOR WORK, EIGHT HOURS FOR SLEEP, EIGHT HOURS FOR WHAT - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EIGHT HOURS FOR WORK, EIGHT HOURS FOR SLEEP, EIGHT HOURS FOR WHAT WE WILL The Growth of Labor Unions

1820-1912

Labor Force Distribution Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900 1870-1900

The Changing American The Changing American Labor Force Labor Force

Child Labor Child Labor

Child Labor Child Labor

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900 Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

THE COST OF INDUSTRIALIZATION  Economic Depression  Poor Working Conditions  Monopolies  Inequity of Wealth  Poverty  Growth of Slums, Crime  Political Corruption  Disappearing Frontier

LABOR UNIONS  Correct the evils of industrialization  Improve working conditions  Set working hours/wages

LABOR UNIONS  Methods that labor unions used in effort to help their workers:  Collective bargaining- organized negotiations between Labor and Management.  Boycotts- refusal to buy/use certain products or services.  Strikes- all workers refuse to work, picket  Riots- violent uprisings  Mediation  Arbitration

Knights of Labor Knights of Labor • Formed in 1869 • Skilled and unskilled workers Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

Goals of the Knights of Goals of the Knights of Labor Labor ù Eight-hour workday. Workers’ cooperatives. ù Worker-owned factories. ù Abolition of child and prison labor. ù ù Increased circulation of greenbacks. ù Equal pay for men and women. Safety codes in the workplace. ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor. ù Abolition of the National Bank. ù

The American Federation The American Federation of Labor: 1886 of Labor: 1886 • Made up of many different craft unions. Fought for • immediate effects (better wages, shorter hours, etc.) • Did not welcome immigrants, women, or Af. Am. Samuel Gompers

How the AF of L How the AF of L Would Help the Workers Would Help the Workers Catered to the skilled worker. ù ù Represented workers in matters of national legislation. ù Maintained a national strike fund. ù Evangelized the cause of unionism. Prevented disputes among the many craft ù unions. Mediated disputes between management ù and labor. Pushed for closed shops. ù

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD The Hand That Will Rule the World  One Big Union

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD  Welcomed all workers  Socialist in nature  Overthrow the wage system  Advocated the use of sabotage! (strikes, work stoppage)  Led by “Big Bill” Haywood  Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

Labor Union Membership Labor Union Membership

FAMOUS/INFAMOUS LABOR CONFLICTS Haymarket Riot Great Railway Strike  1886  1877 (45 days)  Goal: eight hour day  Federal troops ended the strike  Knights of Labor blamed (peaceful-  Goal: end pay cuts >bomb)  11 people killed

FAMOUS/INFAMOUS LABOR CONFLICTS Homestead Strike Pullman Strike  1892 (Carnegie Steel)  1894  Goal: stop wage cuts  Goal: lower rent for laid off RR workers  The final result was a major defeat for the  Federal troops ended union and a setback for the strike their efforts to unionize  Supreme court case: steelworkers.  In re Debs, 1895  President of the Railway Union refused to end strike

FAMOUS/INFAMOUS LABOR CONFLICTS Lawrence Textile Strike  1912  IWW led  Reduction of hours, reduction in pay….  Workers won most of their demands.