Quality Sleep Series II : The Sleep Quality and Quantity of HK s s - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

香港大學民意研究計劃 The University of Hong Kong Public Opinion Programme Quality Sleep Series II : The Sleep Quality and Quantity of HK’ ’s s The Sleep Quality and Quantity of HK Working Population Working Population Presentation of Survey Findings July 17, 2003

Presentation outline Presentation outline Data analysis by Dr. Ting- -Yiu Yiu Chung Chung Data analysis by Dr. Ting • Research methodology and contact information • The sleeping habits and patterns of HK’s working population • Sleeping deprivation and its effects on HK’s working population • Knowledge on quality sleep in HK’s working population • Cross tabulation analysis （ male VS female / sleeping with partner VS sleeping without partner ）

Presentation outline Presentation outline Analyses and comments by Dr. Ka- -Fai Fai Chung Chung Analyses and comments by Dr. Ka • Signs of sleep deprivation in HK’s working population • Occurrence of insomnia and its effects in HK’s working population • The concept of “Quality Sleep” • Size of mattress and sleeping habits • Improving the quality of sleep • Sleep IQ test

Contact information Contact information Date of survey: June 9-13, 2003 Target population: Local working population aged between 25-55 Survey method: Telephone survey with interviewers Sample size: 1,032 successful cases Effective response rate: 76.8% (Based on target population) Sampling error: Less than 1.6%

The sleeping habits and patterns The sleeping habits and patterns of HK’ ’s working population s working population of HK

Self- -reported adequacy of sleep quantity reported adequacy of sleep quantity Self Don't know/ Hard to say 2% Adequate Inadequate 45% 40% Half-half 14% N= 1,032

Respondents’ bedtime on working days （ Combined data ） N= 1,031 --- Getting out-of-bed time 50% --- Going-to-bed time 41% 39% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0:01- 1:01- 2:01- 3:01- 4:01- 5:01- 6:01- 7:01- 8:01- 9:01- 10:01- 11:01- 12:01- 13:01- 14:01- 18:01- 19:01- 20:01- 21:01- 22:01- 23:01- 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00

Respondents’ ’ ideal bedtime on working days ideal bedtime on working days Respondents (Combined data) (Combined data) --- Getting out-of-bed time --- Going-to-bed time 50% 45% 40% 35% 34% 30% 20% N=1,031 10% N=1,032 0% 0:01- 1:01- 2:01- 3:01- 4:01- 5:01- 6:01- 7:01- 8:01- 9:01- 10:01- 11:01- 12:01- 13:01- 14:01- 18:01- 19:01- 20:01- 21:01- 22:01- 23:01- 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00

Comparison between actual and ideal bedtime Comparison between actual and ideal bedtime (Combined data) --- Ideal getting out-of-bed time (N=1,032) --- Actual getting out-of-bed time (N=1,032) --- Ideal going-to-bed time (N=1,031) --- Actual going-to-bed time （ N=1,032 ） • 63% went to bed later than 50% their ideal time (on average 45% 41% 44 mins later) ; 39% 40% 35% • 59% got up earlier than 34% 30% their ideal time (on average 38 mins earlier) 20% 10% 0% 0:01- 1:01- 2:01- 3:01- 4:01- 5:01- 6:01- 7:01- 8:01- 9:01- 10:01- 11:01- 12:01- 13:01- 14:01- 18:01- 19:01- 20:01- 21:01- 22:01- 23:01- 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00

Number of hours of sleep on working days N= 1,032 50% 40% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0-2 hrs 2hrs1min- 4 hrs 4hrs1min-6 hrs 6hrs1min-8 hrs More than 8 hrs Mean Mean after round up Standard error Base 6hrs1min 6hrs 2mins 931 • On average, respondents slept 1 hours 23 minutes less than their ideal length of sleeping hours

Size of mattress 12% 3 x 6 ft 4% 3.5 ft x 6 ft 38% 4 x 6 ft 6% 16% 4.5 ft x 6 ft 8% 5 x 6 ft 1% 5.5 ft x 6 ft 1% 6 x 6 ft 1% 5 x 6 .25 ft /6 .5 ft 1% 6 x 6.5 ft 8% Others 10% DK/ HS 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% N= 1,029

Respondents’ ’ preference of sleeping with/ preference of sleeping with/ Respondents without partner without partner Always sleep alone DK/ HS No difference 1% 2% 12% Sleeping with a partner 21% Sleeping without partner 65% N= 1,027

Reasons for preferring to sleep without partner Reasons for preferring to sleep without partner (Percentage of respondents) (Percentage of respondents) with a partner 21% No difference 12% N=665 Always sleep without partner 83% alone 65% 1% 100% 80% 60% 40% 12% 6% 3% 2% 1% 20% 0% More space on Avoiding Avoiding Habit Others DK/HS bed disturbance disturbance to from partner partner

Reasons for preferring to sleep with partner Reasons for preferring to sleep with partner (Percentage of respondents) (Percentage of respondents) Always sleep alone Sleeping without 1% partner N=206 No difference 44% 65% 12% 45% 40% Sleeping with partner 35% 21% 30% 21% 25% 20% 12% 12% 15% 6% 4% 10% 3% 2% 2% 5% 0% Habit Sense of Not More Warmer Fear of Couples Others DK/ HS security affecting comfortable darkness relationship with partner

Respondents' current habit of sleeping Respondents' current habit of sleeping with/ without partner with/ without partner Hard to say 2% Sleeping without partner 38% Sleeping with partner 60% N= 1,027

Change of sleeping patterns because of Change of sleeping patterns because of atypical pneumonia atypical pneumonia Hard to say Yes <1% 4% No N= 1,032 96%

AP’ ’s effects on respondents s effects on respondents’ ’sleeping habits sleeping habits AP No 96% (Percentage of respondents) (Percentage of respondents) Yes 4% Hard to say <1% Sleep more 25% 14% Sleep earlier 11% Can't get asleep 11% Wake at mid-night 8% Sleep less 6% Sleep later 3% Get up earlier 3% Get up later 3% Sleep alone 14% Others N=36 3% DK/HS 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

A recapitulation A recapitulation Most respondents went to bed between 11pm-00am, • and got up between 6am-7am. • On average, respondents slept for 6 hours on working days. • “10pm-11pm” was the most commonly cited ideal going-to-bed time. Yet, only one quarter of them could go to bed at the time mentioned above. On average, respondents slept 1 hours 23 minutes less than their ideal length of sleeping hours. • Respondents preferred sleeping alone to sleeping with partner because it was more comfortable to sleep alone, whereas the latter said they had already formed the habit. Yet, in reality, the number of respondents sleeping with partner far exceeded that of sleeping alone.

Sleeping deprivation and its effects Sleeping deprivation and its effects on HK’ ’s working population s working population on HK

Ability of having uninterrupted sleep in the Ability of having uninterrupted sleep in the past 7 days past 7 days Don't know/ hard to say 1% Can 39% Cannot 61% N= 1,032

Frequency of mid- -night awakenings night awakenings Frequency of mid (Percentage of respondents) DK/ HS 1% Can 39% 54% Cannot 60% 61% 50% Mean ： 1.7 32% 40% Standard error ： 0.04 Base ： 593 30% 11% 20% 2% 1% 10% 0% 1 2 3 4 5 or more

Reasons for mid-night awakenings Don't know/ Hard to say (Percentage of respondents) 1% Can 39% Cannot 61% 43% Toilet 11% Noise 10% Parenting 6% Dreaming 6% Habit 6% Anxiety/ Nervousness 15% Others N= 622 21% DK/ HS 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

Time needed for falling asleep Mean ： 22 mins Standard error ： 0.62 min Base ： 929 Min 41% 30 or more 0% 26-29 < 1% 21-25 5% 16-20 21% 11-15 16% 6-10 16% 1-5 2% 0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Experience of bad- -quality sleep quality sleep Experience of bad for 3 consecutive days or more for 3 consecutive days or more Forgotten 1% Yes No 50% 49% N= 1,032

Effects of bad-quality sleep on daily lives No (Percentage of respondents) 49% Yes Forgotten 50% 1% 52% Work 22% Emotion 17% Health 2% Family life 2% Appearance 2% Leisuring/ social life 3% Others 18% No effect 5% DK/ HS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% N= 514

Effects of bad-quality sleep on appearance DK/ HS 3% No 34% Yes 63% N= 516

Effects of bad-quality sleep on appearance (Percentage of respondents) No DK/ HS 34% 3% Yes 63% Bad complexion 40% 30% Dark circles 21% Coarse skin 3% Pimples 3% Tired appearance 2% Others 1% DK/ HS 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% N= 323

Effects of bad-quality sleep on work performance DK/ HS <1% No 36% Yes 63% N= 516

Effects of bad-quality sleep on work performance (Percentage of respondents) No DK/ HS 36% <1% Yes 63% 29% Slower reaction 22% Lowered productivity (general) 16% Unclear mind 9% Failure to concentrate 7% Mistake-prompt 7% Feeling tired 8% Others 3% N= 324 DK/ HS 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%