CSU WHEAT BREEDING AND GENETICS PROGRAM CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Scott D. Haley CSU Wheat Breeder Soil and Crop Sciences Department Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado wheat.colostate.edu
Outline • US Wheat Production Regions, Classes • Breeding Program Objectives • Breeding Methods and Pipelines • Field Sites and Trialing System • Outcomes • Acknowledgements
US Wheat Production Regions West-Central Great Plains “High Plains” Courtesy of US Wheat Associates
Source – nass.usda.gov
Breeding Program Objectives • Grain yield and yield stability - Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury • End-use quality baking properties
NIDIS Upper Colorado River Regional Drought Early Warning System
NIDIS Upper Colorado River Regional Drought Early Warning System
Breeding Program Objectives • Grain yield and yield stability - Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury - Agronomics - plant height, straw strength, maturity, coleoptile length, shattering tolerance - Disease and insect resistance - rusts, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), wheat stem sawfly, Russian wheat aphid (RWA) • End-use quality
Stripe rust (yellow rust) Wheat Curl Mite Vector Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) Russian wheat aphid (RWA)
Wheat Stem Sawfly Stem Rust ( Ug-99, Ug-99+ ) Sipha maydis
Breeding Program Objectives • Grain yield and yield stability - Stress tolerance - drought, high temperatures, winter injury - Agronomics - plant height, straw strength, maturity, coleoptile length, shattering tolerance - Disease and insect resistance - rusts, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), wheat stem sawfly, Russian wheat aphid (RWA) • End-use quality - Physical, structural - Milling - Dough mixing - Bread baking
‘Snowmass’ Hard White Wheat (2009) Woodrow, Colorado
UltraGrain HP – www.ardentmills.com/ultragrain.html
Breeding Pipeline – “Conventional” Numbers (2015) Crossing 10 Number of Years 0 Two greenhouse cycles/year Crosses – 1,000 combos Feb-March field planting Bulks (yr 1) – 700 pops Bulks (yr 2) – 350 pops Bulk testing Headrows – 30,000 lines Two generations (years) Preliminary – 1,500 lines Yield, test weight, visuals Advanced – 250 lines Elite – 25 lines Line derivation Variety Trial – 5 lines Headrow line selection Line re-selection Other Activities Line testing DNA marker screening Preliminary (2 locations) Quality testing Advanced (7 locations) Disease screening CSU Elite (21 locations) Seed purification/increase Variety Trial (11+3 locs)
Breeding Pipeline – “Fast Track” Cross Development 6-7 Number of Years 0 Elite/elite crosses Three-way crosses (markers) Doubled haploid (DH) - 12 months seed to seed - Markers prior to selection Single seed descent (SSD) - 3 greenhouse cycles - Line selection in field
CSU Wheat Breeding Program
Breeding Pipeline – “Fast Track” Cross Development Numbers 6-7 Number of Years 0 Elite/elite crosses DH ~ 3,000 lines/year Three-way crosses (markers) (60 crosses) 807 selected (2015) Doubled haploid (DH) 1048 selected (2014) - 12 months seed to seed 628 selected (2013) - DNA Markers for selection SSD ~ 5,000 lines (2015) Single seed descent (SSD) 375 selected (2014) - 3 greenhouse cycles 200 selected (2013) - Line selection in field Other Activities Line testing DNA marker screening Observation row (1 location) Quality testing Advanced (3-5 locations) Disease screening CSU Elite (21 locations) Seed purification/increase Variety Trial (11+3 locs)
CSU Winter Wheat Testing Locations 2015-2016 Sedgwick • 23 total field locations, ~19k plots Larimer Logan Phillips - Colorado: 13 dryland, 3 irrigated Weld - Outstate: 5 dryland, 2 irrigated Morgan Uniform Variety Yuma Performance Trial - varied system, management (UVPT, dryland) Washington Irrigated Variety • Colorado – 4 research centers Kit Carson Performance Trial - Akron (USDA-ARS) (IVPT) - Rocky Ford (irrig) Cheyenne Main Breeding Lincoln - Walsh Locations (1999) - Fort Collins (ARDEC, irrig) Kiowa Main Breeding Locations (2003) • 13 locations with cooperating Otero Prowers CSU Elite Trial farmers, most being certified Locations (2007,14) seed growers Baca
Wheat Plot Planter (cable tripping system, no-till capability, starter fertilizer) Wheat Plot Combine (x 2) (single-person operation, on-combine data collection)
CSU Elite Trial Dryland Location Averages (2012-2015)
CSU Wheat Breeding Program Varieties Released since 1973 http://wheat.colostate.edu – Breeding Program (inc variety information) http://csucrops.com – Crops Testing Program http://ramwheatdb.com – wheat variety performance database http://plainsgold.com – variety ownership and marketing
Avery - 59.6 bu/a Byrd - 58.0 bu/a Advantage = +1.6 bu/a (43 trials, 2013-15) Byrd - 55.0 bu/a Hatcher - 50.5 bu/a Advantage = +4.5 bu/a (49 trials, 2009-15) Hatcher - 46.8 bu/a Akron - 42.1 bu/a Advantage = +4.7 bu/a (78 trials, 2001-08, 2014-15) Akron - 42.3 bu/a Vona - 40.9 bu/a Advantage = +1.4 bu/a (35 trials, 1991-95) Vona - 34.5 bu/a Baca - 33.1 bu/a Advantage = +1.4 bu/a (16 trials, 1990-95) 1973 1976 1994 2004 2011 2015
Acknowledgements – Personnel
Acknowledgements – Funding
Questions?
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