SAWFLY RESISTANCE BREEDING AT CSU A NEW PROGRAM OBJECTIVE Scott D. Haley CSU Wheat Breeder Soil and Crop Sciences Department Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado wheat.colostate.edu
Outline • Realization of the problem • Northern Plains (MT) variety performance in Colorado dryland variety trials • Variety development for Colorado - Bulk-population breeding (selected bulks) - Doubled haploid breeding - Field trials and observations at New Raymer CO • Looking toward the future
Houston, We Have a Problem! • 2008, 2009 – appearance of ‘Genou’ in Wyoming variety trials (1 bu/a higher yield than ‘Buckskin’) • Fall 2009 – ‘Choteau’ spring wheat put into CSU crossing program (due to linked markers … .) • Summer 2011 – multiple WSS observations Terri’s Sweep Net Ripper - worse Hatcher - better
Average Yield Reduction 18 bu/a (about 33%)
Average Yield Reduction 8 bu/a (about 28%)
Average Yield Reduction 12 bu/a (about 20%)
Average Yield Reduction 15 bu/a (about 28%)
Variety Development for Colorado Selected-bulk breeding approach for 1 incorporation of solid-stem trait Doubled haploid (DH) breeding and marker- 2 assisted incorporation of solid-stem trait Observations from breeding trials in 3 highly affected areas (New Raymer CO)
Selected-bulk breeding approach for 1 incorporation of solid-stem trait • Widely used by CIMMYT Single backcross 2011-12 for durable rust resistance (SS source/Byrd//Byrd) • Solid stem parents Increase and bulk 2013 - Judee harvest BC 1 F 1 plants - Bearpaw - Warhorse Grow population in bulk - MTS1024 single plant selection 2014 SS score >15 bulked • Adapted parents - Byrd Grow population in bulk 2015 single plant selection - Antero SS score >20 advanced - Denali - New elite hard red, Headrow nursery 2016 hard white lines for line selection 800 rows
Doubled haploid (DH) breeding and marker- 2 assisted incorporation of solid-stem trait Marker-assisted allele Make cross, grow F1 enrichment prior to DH production Pollinate with maize (Byrd, Antero) Treat with hormones Bearpaw/Byrd//Byrd Collect immature seeds AA/aa//aa excise embryos transfer to tissue culture 1:1 Aa aa Regenerate haploid ratio plants in tissue culture DNA markers DHs produced in Vernalize, treat with 1:1 ratio colchicine DH discard 1 ½ years Harvest DH seed, compared to 4-5 increase AA aa years
Doubled haploid (DH) breeding and marker- 2 assisted incorporation of solid-stem trait 107 DHs advanced for testing in 2016
Observations from breeding trials in 3 highly affected areas (New Raymer CO) 2014 CSU Elite Trial - 21 locations across CO, region - 75 total entries, two reps - row-column design - all entries hollow stem
Observations from breeding trials in 3 highly affected areas (New Raymer CO) Post-Harvest Stubble Collection Darren Cockrell 20 entries sampled
Observations from breeding trials in 3 highly affected areas (New Raymer CO) Metabolomics research Sawfly infestation May 26 2015 CSU Elite Trial - 23 locations across CO, region - 100 total entries - partially-replicated, row-column - all entries hollow stem
Observations from breeding trials in 3 highly affected areas (New Raymer CO) 20” rain in May Cutting readily observable Waterlogged soil, severe lodging Plugs in stems “Our materials are not adapted here” (note in my field book)
Observations from breeding trials in 3 highly affected areas (New Raymer CO) Trial Heat Map Trial Heat Map Grain Yield Percent Infestation
Observations from breeding trials in 3 highly affected areas (New Raymer CO) • Spatial models did not help much for either grain yield or stem infestation • BLUPs (best linear unbiased predictors) drastically shrunk toward the mean compared to BLUEs (best linear unbiased estimates, LSM) • But, CO11D1397 again performed very well Good value - low stem infestation - highest grain yield Average value Poor value
Looking Toward the Future • In Colorado, breeding is “behind the 8-ball” in terms of providing meaningful solutions for affected growers • Status of CO11D1397 – “on-farm testing” in two producers’ fields in 2016, three acre seed increase • Confirmation and elucidation of non solid-stem based resistance in CO11D1397/CO11D1748 DH population • Continue with incorporation of solid-stem trait, intercrossing of solid-stem DH derivatives • Genomics – gene/trait discovery for stem related characteristics, or attractiveness, or both
Acknowledgements • Mertens Family Farms • CSU Wheat Breeding Team • CSU Crops Testing Team • Frank Peairs • Darren Cockrell • (Terri Randolph) • Courtney Jahn • Adam Heuberger • Corey Broeckling • Paul Ode
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