Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangements, May 2017 1 U.S. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Contingent and Alternative Employment Arrangements, May 2017 1 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 1 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Gig economy  No official BLS definition of “gig economy” or “gig workers”  Researchers use many different definitions  Many include contingent workers  Some include those in alternative work arrangements  CWS data allow researchers to use own definition of “gig” 2 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 2 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Contingent Worker Supplement (CWS), May 2017  Collected information on whether workers had:  Contingent jobs—jobs that are temporary or not expected to last  Alternative employment arrangements – Independent contractors – On ‐ call workers – Temporary help agency workers – Contract company workers  Similar supplements were conducted in February of 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2005  Data refer to sole or main job of employed people 3 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 3 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Defining and estimating the number of contingent workers  Contingent workers do not have an explicit or implicit contract for continuing employment  To determine if employment is contingent, CWS asks:  If the job is temporary or not expected to continue  How long the worker expects to be able to hold their job  How long the worker has held their job  People who do not expect to continue in their current jobs for personal reasons are NOT contingent workers 4 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 4 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Defining and estimating the number of contingent workers Estimate 1 : Wage and salary workers who have worked at their jobs for a year or less and expect their jobs to last less than another year Estimate 2 : Adds self ‐ employed and independent contractors Estimate 3 : Adds other workers who do not expect their jobs to last 5 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 5 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Estimates of contingent workers, May 2017 Percent of total Estimates of contingent workers Total employed Estimate 1: Wage and salary workers who expect their 2.0 million 1.3% jobs to last 1 year or less Estimate 2: All workers who expect their jobs to last 1 year or less, including the self ‐ employed 2.5 million 1.6% and independent contractors Estimate 3: All workers who do not expect their 5.9 million 3.8% jobs to last Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 6 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Contingent workers as a percent of total employed, February 1995 ‐ 2005 and May 2017 Percent 6.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2005 2017 4.9 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.0 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.0 Estimate 1 Estimate 2 Estimate 3 Source: Contingent Worker Supplements, Current Population Survey 7 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 7 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Age distribution of contingent and noncontingent workers, May 2017 Contingent workers Noncontingent workers 16 to 24 55 years years, 12% and older, 17% 55 years and older, 16 to 24 23% years, 28% 25 to 54 years, 25 to 54 years, 55% 65% Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 8 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Contingent workers as a percent of total employed by sex, May 2017 Percent 6.0 5.0 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Men Women Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 9 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 9 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Contingent workers as a percent of total employed by race and ethnicity, May 2017 Percent 6.0 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 White Black or African Asian Hispanic or Latino American ethnicity Note: Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 1 0 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 1 0 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Educational attainment of contingent and noncontingent workers, age 25 to 64, May 2017 Percent distribution 100 Bachelor's degree or 41 44 higher 75 Some college or associate degree 50 21 27 High school graduates, no college 25 22 Less than a high school 25 diploma 14 7 0 Contingent workers Noncontingent workers Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 1 1 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 1 1 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Full ‐ and part ‐ time status of contingent and noncontingent workers, May 2017 Contingent workers Noncontingent workers Part time 17% Part time 41% Full time Full time 59% 83% Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 1 2 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Occupation of contingent and noncontingent workers, May 2017 Production, transportation, Percent distribution and material moving 100 occupations 12 12 Natural resources, 9 15 construction, and 75 maintenance occupations 22 16 Sales and office occupations 50 17 17 Service occupations 25 41 Management, professional, 39 and related occupations 0 Contingent workers Noncontingent workers Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 1 3 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 1 3 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Contingent workers by their preference for contingent or noncontingent work, May 2017 Not available 3% It depends, 10% Prefer noncontingent Prefer contingent employment employment 55% 33% Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 1 4 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 1 4 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Percent of contingent and noncontingent workers with health insurance coverage, February 2005 and May 2017 Percent Contingent workers 90 84 79 Noncontingent workers 73 59 60 52 50 25 30 18 0 2005 2017 2005 2017 Health insurance coverage from any Employer ‐ provided health insurance source coverage Source: February 2005 and May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplements, Current Population Survey 1 5 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Percent of contingent and noncontingent workers eligible for employer ‐ provided pension or retirement plans, May 2017 Percent Contingent workers Noncontingent workers 60 48 43 30 23 18 0 Eligible for employer ‐ provided pension or Included in employer ‐ provided pension or retirement plan retirement plan Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 1 6 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Median usual weekly earnings of full ‐ time contingent and noncontingent workers, May 2017 2017 dollars $1,000 $886 $750 $685 $500 $250 $0 Contingent workers Noncontingent workers Source: May 2017 Contingent Worker Supplement, Current Population Survey 1 7 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Four alternative employment arrangements Independent contractors 1. On ‐ call workers 2. Temporary help agency workers 3. Workers provided by contract firms 4. 1 8 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 1 8 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Defining the four alternative employment arrangements Independent contractors said they were independent 1. contractors, consultants, or freelance workers On ‐ call workers are called into work only when they are 2. needed, although they can be scheduled to work for several days or weeks in a row 1 9 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 1 9 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Defining the four alternative employment arrangements Temporary help agency workers are paid by a temporary help 3. agency, whether or not their job was temporary Workers provided by contract firms are employed by a 4. company that provides them or their services to others under contract. They are usually assigned to only one customer, and they usually work at that customer’s worksite. 2 0 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 2 0 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Contingent work and alternative employment arrangements Workers in Contingent alternative workers arrangements 2 1 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov 2 1 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov

Workers in alternative arrangements as a percent of total employed, February 1995 ‐ 2005 and May 2017 Percent 10.0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2005 2017 8.0 7.4 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.0 4.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.0 Independent On ‐ call workers Temporary help agency Workers provided by contractors workers contract firms Source: Contingent Worker Supplements, Current Population Survey 2 2 — U.S. B UREA U O F L A BO R S TA TISTIC S • bls.gov