Challenges and Opportunities for EVs and AVs integration Dr. Liana Cipcigan Reader, Energy Institute, School of Engineering Co-director EVCE Electric Vehicle Centre of Excellence CipciganLM@Cardiff.ac.uk 1
Cardif diff f Uni Univer ersity sity Integr egrat ated ed approa oach ch of EVs integr egrati ation on Electricity Markets Automotive Behavioral DNO/DSO Automotive Edge devices Ancillary Services Business Models R&D SO Innovation Flexibility Power electronics converters Intelligent infrastructure / Smart Grids Data management Resilience Cybersecurity INTEGRATED MODEL Electricity and transport systems 3
Grant Title Amount Sponsor Period 2012-2014 Smart management of electric vehicles http://gow.epsrc.ac.uk/NGBOViewGrant.aspx EPSRC ?GrantRef=EP/I038756/1 2011-2012 Pathways” – Electric Vehicle Value Chain, Bridging the http://evvc.engineering.cf.ac.uk/ EPSRC gaps 2012-2013 Agent-based controllers for EVs and micro-generators http://evvc.engineering.cf.ac.uk/ Innovate UK 2011-2013 Scenarios for the development of smart grids in the www.smartgridscenarios.org.uk UKERC UK 2010-2011 Mobile Energy Resources in Grids of Electricity http://www.ev-merge.eu/ EC FP7 (MERGE) 2010-2012 European network on electric vehicles and http://www.enevate.eu/ EC, INTERREG IVC transferring expertise (ENEVATE) 2013-2016 SCADA Cyber Security Lifecycle (SCADA-CSL): £277,000 EADS Innovation Works 2014-2017 Ebbs and Flows of Energy System www.eandfes.co.uk EPSRC/Innovate UK £1.9M 2014-2017 Grid Economics, Planning and Business Models for £325,170 EPSRC Smart Electric Mobility 2011-2015 COST https://helios.hud.ac.uk/cost/ EC Autonomic Road Transport Support 2013-2016 eBRIDGE: empowering e-fleets for business and http://www.ebridge- Intelligent Energy Europe private purposes in cities project.eu/en/about/introduction 2014-2017 I CVUE : Incentives for Clean Vehicles in Urban http://icvue.eu/ Intelligent Energy Europe Europe 2014-2017 MAS2TERING http://www.mas2tering.eu/ EC Multi-Agent Systems and Secured coupling of ICT-Smart Energy Grids Telecom and Energy gRIds for Next Generation smart 10 grid services
EVCE CE Activ ivities ities Wels lsh h Aut utomo moti tive e Foru rum Low w Carbo bon n Vehi ehicle cle Steeri eering ng Group Wels lsh h Govern ernme ment nt Clima mate e Change nge Comm mmiss ssion ion for Wales es Eu Europea pean n Netw twork ork on EV EV and Transf sferri rring ng Ex Expert ertise se BSI I techn hnical cal comm mmitt ttee e ES ESL/120 /120 El Electr ctrica ical l En Energy rgy Stor orage age Invi vite ted d expert pert - Working rking Group Smart rt Charging rging un under er CEN EN/CENELEC /CENELEC M468 and M490 IEE EEE E Standar ndards ds As Associa ciati tion on Membe mber of WG WG p.2030. 030.1, , Gui uide e for Transp spor orta tati tion on El Electr trificat cation ion SC C2 System Operation and Control 11
Regulatory & Policy Framework • Government's ambition to ban petrol and diesel cars by 2040 • Electric and Autonomous Vehicle Bill passage through the Parliamentary process. • This bill will create the regulatory framework for Autonomous Vehicles and aims to improve the network of charging points for electric vehicles. – All charge points will have to be ‘smart’ , meaning they can interact with the grid in order to manage demand for electricity across the country. – A new amendment to this bill aims to make it mandatory for electric car charging point operators to transmit power consumption data to Britain's National Grid and local electricity DNO. – All drivers of automated vehicles will be required to be insured and victims of collisions involving an automated vehicle will have quick and easy access to compensation, in line with existing insurance practices. 5
Why go Electric? 4 Key Reasons Key Issues Electric Transportation as a Solution Decreasing fossil fuel resources Transportation sector uses ¼ of the total energy Foreign oil consumption and 2/3 of world oil consumption dependency Climate change/ High emissions from transportation sector air quality An answer to the high petrol prices Energy cost To fuel an electric car £1 to 2 /100 km (transportation costs) Electric vehicle and related technologies can Jobs influence “green” jobs development 6
Air quality Good cities and bad cities… In Calgary 90% of trips are by car Calgary In Hong Kong less than 20% of trips are by car 7
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Our cities and regions • The Scottish Government has pledged to phase out new petrol and diesel cars and vans across Scotland by 2032, and "massively expand" charging points and set up pilot projects to encourage uptake of EVs. • Oxford to ban all petrol and diesel vehicles and become ‘world’s first zero-emissions zone ’ • Council plans to start phasing out polluting vehicles barred from six streets in the city centre including taxis, cars and buses from city centre area in 2020 • The Cambridge City Council is looking into the possibility of banning petrol and diesel cars in certain parts of Cambridge city centre, as part of their efforts to reduce congestion and improve air quality. • Areas that might see the ban of petrol vehicles include Market Square, in the hope that the suppression of petrol and diesel vehicles will encourage the use of clean, electric operators. 9
Electric Busses • Local authorities and bus companies in Bristol, York, Brighton, Surrey, Denbighshire and Wiltshire have been awarded the funding under the government’s ‘Low emission bus scheme’ to help them buy 153 cleaner buses (Government announcement) • Six Wrightbus StreetAir vehicles will take on a route serving much of central Edinburgh • Lothian Buses has invested more than £2.7m in the service. 10
Electric Busses • A further 36 electric buses are to go into service in the UK’s capital following a new contract with bus operator London United. (June 2017) • The UK has the highest number of electric buses in Europe • The UK has the largest number of these buses with over 18% of the total European fleet , followed by the Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland and Germany, with around 10% each. • The report reveals that 19 public transport operators and authorities, covering around 25 European cities, have published strategies that should see more than 2,500 electric buses operating in those cities by 2020, 6% of their combined fleets. Zero Emission Urban Bus System (ZeEUS) project 11
Electric Taxis • Electric black cabs – London • More than 9,000 such taxis, roughly half the current black cab fleet, are expected on London's roads by 2021. • The new TX can travel 80 miles on a single battery charge and is fitted with a 1.5 litre petrol engine to assist with longer journeys. • Electric Blue is offering Electric taxis Dedicated rapid charger network - will allow you to recharge in as little as 20 minutes - 12
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Electric Vehicles uptake (NG FES) 15
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What demand are we expecting? • National Grid 2017 FES document which indicate that there is a lack of electricity generation capacity to support the forecasted increase in the EVs uptake. 17
What demand are we expecting? 18
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Why go Electric? 4 Key Reasons Electric Transportation as a Solution Key Issues Decreasing fossil fuel resources Transportation sector uses ¼ of the total energy Foreign oil consumption and 2/3 of world oil consumption dependency Climate change/ High emissions from transportation sector air quality An answer to the high petrol prices Energy cost To fuel an electric car £1 to 2 /100 km (transportation costs) Electric vehicle and related technologies can Jobs influence “green” jobs development 20
Foreign Oil Dependency • Oil is predominately a transportation energy problem 68.3% (USA) • America is the largest consumer of energy per capita • Largest consumer of energy overall 1/4 of global total • Largest emitter of carbon And, China is trying to catch up… 21
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Why go Electric? 4 Key Reasons Electric Transportation as a Solution Key Issues Decreasing fossil fuel resources Transportation sector uses ¼ of the total energy Foreign oil consumption and 2/3 of world oil consumption dependency Climate change/ High emissions from transportation sector air quality An answer to the high petrol prices Energy cost To fuel an electric car £1 to 2 /100 km (transportation costs) Electric vehicle and related technologies can Jobs influence “green” jobs development 23
Cost of Electricity as a transportation fuel 24
Independent drivers for E-mobility Transport: Sustainable urban mobility Energy: Smart Grids Smart Cities Electromobility as part of the Smart Grid Electromobility as integral part of urban mobility • As mobile loads, sufficient energy to charge the • CO2 reduction through electric car • Complete urban mobility through integration if electric car • Control charging individual and public transport • Electric car as storage devices through V2G • Infrastructure interdependencies 25
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