BIO CARBON DEVELOPMENTS in CANADA Canadian Carbonization Research - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

BIO CARBON DEVELOPMENTS in CANADA Canadian Carbonization Research Association Ted Todoschuk, Board Chairman, CCRA Louis Giroux, Chairman CCRA Technical Committee CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Canadian Carbonization Research Association C anadian (CCRA) C arbonization Anglo USS ArcelorMittal SunCoke Walter Grande Teck CANMET Energy Coal American Canada Dofasco Energy Energy Cache R esearch Xstrata Industrial Innovation Group Industrial Energy Systems A ssociation Energy for High Temperature Processes Equipment Personnel Dr. T. MacPhee 2 PhD Scientists 8 Technicians Coal Coke 2 Research Engineers Chemistry Chemistry Petrography Size Rheology Strength Physical Density Movable Wall Oven Porosity Sole Heated Oven Coke Carbon Forms CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA Program Areas of Research • Energy and CO 2 Reduction in the Steel Industry • Energy and Environment • Fundamental Aspects of Coal and Coke Utilization • Database, Standards and Procedures CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA Program Areas of Research – CO 2 Driver Integrated: • Blast Furnace Iron: 9 Mt • Coke consumption: ~4 Mt • CO 2 emission: ~14 Mt EAF: • EAF Iron: 6 Mt • CO 2 : ~ 1 Mt CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA Program Areas of Research 1 - Short Term Solutions for Utilizing Bio Carbon in Ironmaking and Steelmaking. 2 - Long Term Radical Solutions for Utilizing Bio Carbon in Ironmaking and Steelmaking . 3 – Alternative Primary Processes with CO 2 Capture and Storage – Primary process potential reconfiguration. (will not be discussed) Mandate is to look at technical solutions, not economics at this point . CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Biological Material: all plant and animal matters Crop residues Wood waste Short rotation forestry Forest residues Agricultural crops CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Bio Carbon Research Focus in the Steel Sub-sector Photosynthesis Photosynthesis CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 Carbon Injection Burners (Slag foaming) Carbon in the charge Biomass Biomass CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Biofuel Composition Elemental Composition is Critical to Iron and Steelmaking Products CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Short Term – Industrial Coal Blend • Partial replacement of coal in an industrial coal blend – Cold strength and hot strength of coke to be maintained. – Found that the charcoal had to be <60mesh (.250mm). – Washing of the charcoal using diluted acetic acid. – 5 to 10% addition to start, using small scale coking tests. – Full scale movable wall oven tests will be completed using an industrial coal blend (Dofasco). – Also to be investigated is briquetting of the charcoal allow a higher percentage of charcoal to be used i.e. up to 50% – Low in Ca: To maintain hot strength – Low in Na and K: To avoid alkaline accumulation – Low in P: To facilitate steelmaking CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Charcoal for PCI Injection • Partial replacement of coal for PCI injection. # Use of unprocessed biomass (low C, high O) results in marginal improvement in CO 2 reduction. # Coal to make BF coke + coal for injectant at tuyere CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Charcoal for PCI Injection Raw Biomass: CO 2 : 10.5 Mt/yr 3.6 Mt/yr Slow Pyrolysis (Yield 35%) Charcoal: 1.3 Mt/yr HM: 9.0 Mt/yr CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Charcoal for PCI Injection – High combustibility: To ensure rapid gasification – High in C and Low in O: To maximize coke replacement and maintain furnace heat balance – Low in Na and K: To avoid alkaline accumulation – Low in P: To facilitate steelmaking CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Biomass for EAF Research in biomass in EAF focuses on 38% of CO 2 emissions Photosynthesis Photosynthesis CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 Carbon Injection Burners (Slag foaming) Carbon in the charge Biomass Biomass CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Summary - Short Term • Replacement of PCI with charcoal injection in the blast furnace, addresses 23.5% of the blast furnace CO 2 emission. Further reduction will depend on how much biomass can replace current blast furnace coke. • For the EAF, there is a potential to reduce CO 2 emissions by 38% with the use of biocarbon. i.e. burners and slag foaming carbon. CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Long Term – Future Vision • Current CO 2 emissions are ~14 Mt. • What can be done in the longer term to maximize the amount of bio based fuels to radically reduce this CO 2 emission level. CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Long Term – Future Vision • Need to take raw biomass and convert to “charcoal” • Biocarbon production facilities: – Adding charcoal will be limited in the amount that can replace traditional coal in a traditional slot oven blend. – Need to be able to increase the utilization of briquetting technology. – Limited in a slot oven due to wall pressure generation and shrinkage issues. – Can the amount of charcoal be increased using an alternative (non-recovery) technology? Non-recovery=no by-products recovery CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

Long Term Research Proposal Product Application Enrichment Carbonization Biomaterials (2) (5) Heat to Carbonize Low Temperature (adequate time Raw Bio (200-300°C) and temperature) Material Drive off H2O and Future Temperature VM to minimize Ironmaking maybe lower than (5) degradation Process traditional during coking cokemaking (1) Char like material Use slot, grate Harvest produced (5) furnace or non- PCI recovery Char technology Stoves BF Tar addition or Bio Treatment suitable binder (washing or Product is dry (perhaps bio chemical quenched based) treatment) Have to make (5) Corex/Finex suitable shape such as Bio Product is briquettes, pellets, Bio Upgrade (5) stabilized, crushed disks and and screened Beneficiation appropriately Size will depend for process to (3) EAF on process to receive product receive product Precarbonization (4) (1) Dry Quench Energy Used to dry material (5) DRI/Smelting Treatment (2) Recycle top gas Reduction (3) Fines are recycled back to bio mixture (4) Composite mixture of Fe and Bio Carbon (5) Process off gas to be used directly back in process, bio process or methanation to be used to upgrade gas or even generate power for processes CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee

• Sustainable raw biomass supply capable to meet the demand by steel industry? • Bio-char production capacity? • Process for removing unwanted minerals in bio-char? •Chemical composition of “cleaned” bio -char suitability for bio- cokemaking or direct injection? CCRA Canadian Carbonization Research Association CCRA Technical Committee