Faecal Sludge Treatment and Utilization by Hydrothermal - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Faecal Sludge Treatment and Utilization by Hydrothermal Carbonization Process Auth thor ors s : Krail ilak Fakkaew Thammara mmarat Koo oott ttatep Ch Chon ongrak rak Pol olpras asert 1

IN INTR TRODUCT ODUCTION ION 2

INTR IN TRODUCT ODUCTION ION Hydrot rothermal Carbonizati tion (HTC) Can be Defined as Carbonization of of Biomass in Water to Raise Its Carbon Content, HTC Product is Called “ Hydrochar ” Process Condition  Operation Limited in Subcritical Condition of Water ( 180-250  C at About 20-60 bar )  Reaction Time Varied Between 1 to 12 h.  Feedstock is Surrounded by Water During the Reactions  Requiring Closed System Under Saturation Pressures. 3

INTR IN TRODUCT ODUCTION ION  Advan anta tages es of HTC for Fae aeca cal l Slu ludge e Trea eatm tmen ent: t: Not Require uire Feedst stoc ock k Drying ing   Conver ert t High gh Load of of Orga ganic nic Matter er into o Hydroc ochar har Temperature perature Emplo ployed d Result sult in the Destr truction ction of of Pa Pathogen thogen   Hydroc ochar har is a Valuable able Produc duct 4

INTR IN TRODUCT ODUCTION ION App pplic ication ations of Hydr droc ocha har  Solid lid Fuel l Soil il Amendment dment  Absorb orben ent t for Water er Purif rificati ication on : Heavy Metal and Micropullutant Removals   Energy nergy Stor orage ge : Li-ion Battery, Carbon Fuel Cells  Catalys talyst : Supported Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation  CO 2 Seque CO uest strati ation on 5

OB OBJEC JECTIVES TIVES To Investigate Potentials of HTC products Utilization To Identify HTC Products Characteristics 6

MET ETHODO HODOLOG OGY HTC Expe perim iments ents Feedstock:  Faecal Sludge (FS) of 20% Solid Content HTC Process Conditions:  Temperature of 180-250  C  Reaction Time of 5 h  Heating Rate of 6  C/min  Cooling Rate of 45  C/min HTC Products:  Hydrochar  Liquid, Filtrate, Process Water  Gases 7

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION Hydr droc ocha har Charact cter erist istic ics SEM M Images ges (a) Dried FS (b) Produced Hydrochar at 180  C (c) Produced Hydrochar at 220  C (d) Produced Hydrochar at 250  C 8

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION Hydr droc ocha har Charact cter erist istic ics s and A d App pplic ication ations Parame Par meter ers Un Unit Dried ed FS FS Hydrocha char 4.00 Dry initial FS (this study) Decarboxylation Energy En rgy Cont ntent nt MJ/kg 13.5-14.1 19.3 .3-19.9 .9 3.50 FS-Hydrochar (this study) Hydrocha char Yield % - 70-73 Sewage sludge-Hydrochar (a) 3.00 Dehydration Atomi mic Ratio io Cellulose-Hydrochar (b) H:C 1.60-1.70 1.28-1.37 Atomic H/C Ratio 2.50 Paper-Hydrochar (c) Food-Hydrochar (c)  0.18 O:C 0.38-0.40 2.00 Coconut fiber-Hydrochar (d) Corn stalk-Hydrochar (e) 1.50  Energy Content and Atomic Ratios of H/C and Lignite (f) Lignite 1.00 region Bituminous coal (f) O/C of the Hydrochar Were Comparable to Bituminous Charcoal (g) Natural Coals 0.50 region Biochar (h)  Hydrochar Could be Use as a So Solid id Fuel in a 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 Typical Combustion Process Atomic O/C Ratio Van Krevelen Diagram 9

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION Hydr droc ocha har Charact cter erist istic ics s and A d App pplic ication ations  Further Processes to Make It Suitable for Use Par Parame meter ers Unit Un Dried ed FS FS Hydrocha char as an Anode Ultimat mate An Analysis ysis Carbon bon %wt 37.8-38.1 38.8 .8-39 39.7 .7 Hydrogen gen %wt 5.0-5.5 4.1-4.5 Nitroge ogen %wt 3.0-3.5 1.9-2.0 Sul ulfur ur %wt 1.4-1.6 1.2-1.3 Oxygen gen %wt 19.40-19.52 9.13-9.56 Anode e in Li-ion ion Batt tter ery 10

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION Hydr droc ocha har Charact cter erist istic ics s and A d App pplic ication ations Par Parame meter ers Un Unit Dried ed FS FS Hydrocha char  0.33  0.37 Bul ulk Densi sity ty g/cm 3  1.07 BET ET Sur urface ce Area rea m 2 /g 4.4-5.6  0.010 Tot otal al Pore re Volu lume me cm 3 /g 0.035-0.049 Mean n Pore re nm 38.6-38.7 1.72-1.84 Diame meter er  The Mean Pore Diameter Was Found in the Range of the Mesopores  Hydrochar can be used as an adsorb orbent ent for Adsorption of Sugar, Heavy Metals and Micro- pollutants 11

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION HTC C Liquid id Chara aract cteristi eristics cs Par Parame meter ers Unit Un FS a HTC Liqui uid d Produ duct ct  Liquid Products Still Contained High Concentrations of TOC, COD, BOD 5 , TN and TP. TOC OC g/L 16-40 12-16  pH Was Decreased Due to the VFA Generation COD g/L 43-50 25-31 From Decomposition of the Hydrolyzed BOD 5 g/L 3-4 11-14 Products During HTC Process TN TN g/L 5-8 7-8 TP TP mg/L 10-15 5-10 pH pH 6.8-7.2 5.8-6.2 Pheno enol mg/L Not detected 260 VFA g/L 1.0-1.1 5.2-5.4 a FS at solid content of 20%wt 12

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION HTC C Liquid id Appl plications ications an and Treatment atment Op Option tions  Anaerobic obic Digest estion ion and Biogas ogas Produ duction ction  Bio-Methane Potential (BMP) Test  Methane Production Was About 2.8 L-CH 4 per kg-HTC Liquid or 2.0 L-CH 4 per kg FS  The produced biogas could be used as a fuel gas 13

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION HTC C Liquid id Appl plications ications an and Treatment atment Op Option tions  Recir irculat ulation ion in HTC C Process cess  Liquid uid Fertiliz tilizer er  NH 4 -N of 2000 mg/L  Increasing Hydrochar Yield  P 2 O 5 of 10 mg/L  Increasing Energy Content of the  K 2 O of 100 mg/L hydrochar  HTC Liquid Products Could be Further  Reducing Wastewater Treatment Costs Processed to Make It Suitable to Use as a Liquid Fertilizer in Farmlands. 14

RES ESUL ULTS TS & DI DISCUS CUSSION SION HTC C Gas as Com omposit position ion an and Treatm eatmen ent t Op Opti tions ons  Gases produced from the HTC  Treatment eatment Options ions process were about 10 L-gas/kg-FS  Activated Carbon Adsorption  Absorption With a Wet Gas Composi position tion  Scrubber CO 2 61.9 %V CH 4 0.7 %V O 2 1.7 %V N 2 21.5 %V H 2 S 2.0 %V CO 1.6 %V VOCs 3.1 %V Other 7.5 %V 15

CON ONCL CLUSIONS USIONS • Energy Contents of the Hydrochar Were Found to be About 19-20 MJ/kg, Comparable to Natural Coals The HTC Liquid Products Obtained from the HTC Process Contained High • Concentrations of Organic Matter, with the BMP Test Suggested the Potential of Methane Production • These Results Indicated the Technical Feasibility of the HTC Process for Treating FS and Producing Hydrochar for Using as Solid Fuels and Other Value-added Products, Which Minimizing Environmental Problems and Public Health Risk 16

ACKN KNOWLE WLEDGEMENT DGEMENT Stimulating local innovation on sanitation for the urban poor in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia Project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 17

Thank you 18