Behavioural yoga for pilots Enabling good airmanship as a resilience - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Behavioural yoga for pilots Enabling good airmanship as a resilience strategy for civil flight operations Frederik Mohrmann (NLR) John Stoop (Kindunos Consultancy) 49th ESReDA Seminar, Brussels

Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701 [2004] • Bombardier CRJ-200 • Non-standard flying • Double flameout FL410 • No restart, no diversion • Crashed in a backyard KLM A330 Instructeursvergadering 2 10/11/2015

Quantas Flight 32 [2010] • Airbus A380 • Uncontained engine failure #2 • Several systems degraded, partial loss of control • Crew diverts from checklists, enable “good airmanship” • Safe landing and evacuation KLM A330 Instructeursvergadering 3 10/11/2015

How do they differ? Refer to prescribed procedures Enable procedures, but also own assessment & strategy Repeating over and over Modify course of action 4 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

What is the problem? INCREASING COMPLEXITY (Tech, Ops, Business) + MORE STANDARDISATION (Procedures, R egulations, SOP’s) = INSUFFICIENT CREW RESPONSE TO NEW CHALLENGES 5 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

The solution: Adaptivity • The ability to vectoring performance variance is key • Human error  Human asset! • Cross-supporting with prescriptive operations • Paradigmatic change! QUESTION: HOW TO ACHIEVE THIS?? 6 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

The Man4Gen Project • Fourth Generation Aircraft • Unexpected event  we rely on the pilot • Is the pilot competent for this? • Investigate crew response to surprise and complexity • Develop solutions (Procedures, Training, HMI) • Evaluate solutions & form recommendations 7 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

Man4Gen simulator studies • Scenario 1 – B747, A320 • Go-around and birdstrike • Acute, high workload and stress • Scenario 2 – A330 • Cruise computer fault and fuel leak • Ambiguous, complex, low workload 8 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

What we observed • DIFFERENTIAL COMPETENCIES • Teamwork, communication, problem solving & DM • BEHAVIORAL PITFALLS • Lack of: threat assessment, strategy, goal setting • Rushed actions • BEHAVIORAL EXAMPLES • Align risks & prio, generate options, monitor outcome VARIABLE PERFORMANCE WITHOUT MANAGEMENT 9 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

Solution concepts • Identify & prioritize threats • Failure management process • Manage uncertainties • Fire fighting, IDF • Strategy selection • China Air Force, SHOR/DESIDE • ANC-M • Gauge temporal pressure 10 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

Philosophy: behavioural yoga MANAGE TIME CRITICALITY ...such that the crew has time to… MANAGE UNCERTAINTY ...such that the crew can effectively… PLAN FOR CONTINGENCIES AND CHANGES 11 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

From philosophy to operations • Translate to cockpit operations Consider, identify, decide • Concrete strategy (chrono)logical, structured guidance • Harmonize with current operational context procedures, philosophy, design rules, etc. 12 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

Current status & future work • 6-step strategy developed & reviewed • Evaluated with new complex, ambiguous scenario (between & within group testing) ANALYSIS HYPOTHESIS Adhering to the philosophy/strategy improves crew response to complex, ambiguous situations. • Evaluate effectiveness, recommendations 13 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

Looking back... MORE COMPLEXITY CONSTRAINED KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS OBSERVED PERFORMANCE VARIANCE ADAPTIVITY REQUIRED TO COUNTER UNEXPECTED (EMERGENT) SAFETY EVENTS NEW PHILOSOPHY: 1. MANAGE TIME CRITICALITY 2. MANAGE UNCERTAINTIES 3. PLAN FOR CONTINGIENCIES & CHANGES 14 Manual Operations of 4th Generation Airliners Tuesday, 10 November 2015

THANK YOU For contact or questions: Frederik.Mohrmann@nlr.nl This research is funded as part of the FP7 2012 Aeronautics and Air Transport programme under EC contract ACP2-GA-2012-314765-Man4Gen

Man4Gen Partners: This research is funded as part of the FP7 2012 Aeronautics and Air Transport programme under EC contract ACP2-GA-2012-314765-Man4Gen