Alternative Powertrains House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains House of Automobile B. Kontz P. Mersch G. Savi G. Wagner JL. Rigaux E. Pirsch T. Beffort D. Roger FEBIAC Luxembourg
Alternative Powertrains Technological revolution Climate change (greenhouse gaz) ▪ Reduce fossile energies dependance ▪ Toxicity fine particulates ▪ New emission requirements ▪ Evolution factors: ▪ 1) CO2 emission regulation 2) Tax incentive (e.g: Norway) 3) Charging / refueling network 4) Vehicle autonomy (mileage) 5) Fuel price 6) Vehicle price 7) Consumer information House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains History La Jamais Contente 1889 ▪ Camille Jenatzy ▪ 105 km/h ▪ 2 Moteurs électriques ▪ 1.450kg ▪ Batterie trop lourde ▪ House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Passenger cars + Light commercial vehicles 13% of global emissions ▪ 13% CO2 + = House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains CO 2 emission targets - Regulation (EU) 443/2009 Base: NEDC ▪ CO 2 <50gr/km (petrol) : coefficient 1,5 per véhicule ▪ Passenger cars LCV CO2: 95g/km CO2: 147 g/km Petrol = 4,1L/100km Diesel Petrol = 4,1L/100km Diesel = 3,7L/100km = 3,7L/100km (1) Cap: Maximum of 2.5 gCO 2 /km per manufacturer per year House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Euronom (M1, N1) Petrol Diesel New New Nox NOx PM PN Nox NOx PM PN New New Normes Types Registr. mg/km RDE mg/km Nr/Km mg/km RDE mg/km Nr/km Types Registr. Euro 1 1/7/1992 1/1/1993 437 - 873 140 Euro 2 1/7/1996 1/1/1997 225 - 630 80 Euro 3 1/1/2000 1/1/2001 150 - 500 50 Euro 4 1/1/2005 1/1/2006 80 80 - 250 x fact X 25 6x10 11 Euro 5 1/9/2009 1/1/2011 60 60 5 /4,5 180 x fact Y 5 /4,5 11 11 Euro 6 1/9/2014 1/9/2015 60 60 4,5 6x10 80 x fact Z 4,5 6x10 11 11 Euro 6d-temp 1/9/2017 1/9/2018 60 60 4,5 6x10 80 x 2,1 = 168 4,5 6x10 1/9/2019 11 11 Euro 6d 1/9/2019 1/9/2020 60 60 4,5 6x10 80 x 1,5 =120 4,5 6x10 1/1/2020 1/1/2021 11 11 Euro 6d 1/1/2023 1/1/2023 60 60 4,5 6x10 80 80 4,5 6x10 House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains NEDC WLTP European Test World wide test ▪ ▪ Laboratory test Laboratory test ▪ ▪ Consumption, CO 2 , HC, NOx, PM Consumption, CO 2 , HC, NOx, PM, PN ▪ ▪ Objectives Objectives Respect Euronorm limits Respect Euronorm limits ▪ ▪ Does not reflect reality More realistic results ▪ ▪ Vehicle comparison More « dynamic » cycle ▪ ▪ Simple cycle test Repetitive and reproductible test ▪ ▪ Repetitive and reproductible test Take into account options, equipment, ▪ ▪ accessories House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains WLTP / NEDC +20% NEDC NEDC WLTP House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Deployment of alternatives fuels infrastructure - Dir. 2014/94/EU National policy frameworks: definition national targets ▪ Appropriate number of charging or refuelling points accessible to the public: ▪ 1) Electric charging points : 31/12/20 2) CNG refuelling points (urban, suburban) : 31/12/20 3) LNG refuelling points : 31/12/25 4) Hydrogen refuelling points : 31/12/25 House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains House of Automobile position Petrol Diesel BEV HEV PHEV CNG FCEV Technology Neutral Approach House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Market evolution House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains CO 2 emission targets (EU) - Post 2020 ▪ Clean Mobility Package”, EC (8 November 2017 ) -15% - 30% PC: 95g/km LCV: 147 g/km VS 2020 VS 2020 2020 2025 2030 House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains WLTP / NEDC Test Cycles 2017 2018 2019 2020 WLTP - New Vehicles 09/2017 WLTP - New Registrations 09/2018 Taxation WLTP NEDC Eco-Labelling WLTP NEDC House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Urban acces restrictions - LEZ (Low emission Zones) Brussels 2018 : Euro 2/II 2025 : Euro 6/VI Antwerp, Gent 2019: Euro 4/IV 2028: Euro 6D 2018: Euro 3 Euro 4 : TBC Prague Copenhague Current: >3,5T Euro 4 or particulate certificate Paris 2017: Euro 2 PC/LCV, Euro 3 HDV Athens Current: Euro 4 PC/LCV, taxi not included Milan Current: Euro 4/IV & 5/V Stuttgart 2018: pre Euro 6 Amsterdam 2018 : Euro 5 PC, taxi older 2001, M2+M3 older than 2005, Current: Euro 3 HDV... Rotterdam Current: Euro 3/III PC/LCV older 2001, petrol older 1992, diesel HDV Euro 2 Etc House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Market Evolution Registrations 2016 vs 2017 - Luxembourg +110.7% 1 600 1 400 1 200 2016 1 000 2017 800 600 + 166.2 % 400 -60.3% 200 145 386 723 1 523 68 27 0 BEV PHEV (petrol-electric) PHEV (diesel-electric) House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Registrations by make & model 2016 (EU) BEV PHEV H2 1 Renault Zoe 21.337 Mitsubishi Outlander 21.328 Hyundai ix35 83 2 Nissan Leaf 18.557 VW Passat 13.248 Toyota Mirai 64 3 Tesla Model S 12.353 VW Golf 11.361 4 BMW I3 9.726 Mercedes C350e 10.231 5 VW E-Golf 6.666 Volvo XC90 9.586 6 Kia Soul EV 4.433 BMW 330 e 8.702 7 Tesla Model X 3.688 Audi A3 e-tron 6.894 8 Mercedes B250e 3.504 BMW 225xe 5.915 9 VW E-UP! 2.565 BMW X5 40 e 5.393 10 Peugeot IOn 1.893 BMW I3 Rex 5.322 Other 6.536 20.071 Total 91.258 118.041 147 House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Electric engines House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Batteries House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Cables & plugs House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Cables & plugs ... ▪ Type 4 Type 4 Type 4 Type Domestique Type1 Type 2 Type 3 Chademo Combo Combo Plugs Mode Mode 1&2 Mode 3 Mode 3 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 4 Power AC AC AC AC DC AC DC KW 2 KW 3-7 KW 3-43 KW 3-22 KW 50 KW 43 KW >50 KW Infrastructure Side Infrastructure Véhicule Infrastructure Véhicule Véhicule Véhicule Véhicule Monophase/ Monophase/ Phase Monophase Monophase DC Mono/Tri DC Triphase Triphase Courant Maxi 8 A 32 A 70 A 32 A 125 A 70 A Mono 125 A Tension Maxi 250 V 250 V 500 V 500 V 500V 500 V 500 V House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Charging modes House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Charging modes Network Charger Tranformer Battery AC DC No DC Batterie toujours en DC (Super charger pas besoin de transfo) Network Charger Tranformer Battery AC AC Yes DC Batterie toujours en DC Source: Engie E-book solutions House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Charging modes Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Domestic plug Domestic plug Charging station Fast charger 3,7KW/16A Monophased 16A max. Monophasé 16A max. Monophasé. >50KW 22KW/32A Triphased No specific plug No specific plug Specific plug Specific plug ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ No loading control & Loading control & Loading control & AC/DC convertor external ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ protection system protection system protection sysytem to véhicle integrated in the cable integrated in charger Vehic. loaded in DC ▪ 10 x faster than 1&2 Loading control & ▪ ▪ T2 Cable protection system ▪ integrated in charger Fix cable ▪ Not advised Slow loading Normal to fast loading Accelerated loading 8-12 hours 8-12 hours 1-8 hours 30’ House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Loading time – neuer eGolf Capacité 35,8 kWh batterie Puissance 2,3 kW 3,6 kW 7,2 kW de charge Temps de 15,5 h 10 h 5h recharge House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Chargy Network 2020: 800 double chargers ▪ 400 P&R, 400 voie publique ▪ Partenaires: CFL, P&CH, Communes ▪ Charge modulable: 3,7 KW à 22 KW ▪ Multilingual screen ▪ Smart charging functionalities ▪ M-kaart ▪ Same design accross the country ▪ House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains M-Kaart Accès aux bornes de charge « Chargy » ▪ via la mKaart Toute l’offre des services à la mobilité au ▪ Luxembourg sur une seule carte: 1) Titres de transport pour autobus et trains 2) Utilisation de vélos (mBox, Vel’Oh,…) 3) Accès aux P+R 4) Le produit « Chargy » d’un fournisseur de service de charge Achat des produits « Chargy » auprès des ▪ fournisseurs de service de charge House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Chargy House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Charging at home House of Automobile - HBC Group
Alternative Powertrains Recharge à domicile : Option 1 câble fourni avec la voiture ▪ Recharge lente ▪ Souvent max 2,3 kW (10A) ▪ Prise Schuko ▪ In-cable control box ▪ (protection intégrée) House of Automobile - HBC Group
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