Slide 1 / 120 Slide 2 / 120 6th Grade The Universe and Its Stars 2015-08-27 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 120 Slide 4 / 120 Table of Contents: The Universe and Its Stars Click on the topic to go to that section The Theoretical Beginning Theoretical Beginning of the Universe / Big Bang Theory · of the Universe / Galaxies · Big Bang Theory Stars · Black Holes and Supernovas · Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 120 Slide 6 / 120 The Beginning... The Beginning... When most astronomers are asked how the Universe began, You were correct if you said most will say the Universe began what do you believe they say is the answer? with the "Big Bang" which is an event said to have occurred about 14 billion years ago. How long ago do we believe the Universe began?
Slide 7 / 120 Slide 8 / 120 14 Billion Years Ago 14 Billion Years Ago A billion years is very hard for most people to understand. One billion stacked pennies would be the size of FIVE school buses! It is difficult to think of anything we can picture in terms of billions. Lets use an example to try and understand how many one billion is. So if you wanted to represent With your group, try and 14 Billion pennies - how decide what size jar you many school buses would would need to hold you need? 1 billion pennies Image: http://www.kokogiak.com/megapenny hint: 1 billion = 1,000,000,000 Slide 9 / 120 Slide 10 / 120 Big Bang Theory Big Bang Theory This theory states that all of the This one spot was also hotter mass in the universe was once and more dense than any compacted into one small point object we know of today. thousands of times smaller than the head of a pin. It is believed our Universe began with a "Big Bang" when this small spot had a massive explosion. How is that possible? Slide 11 / 120 Slide 12 / 120 Big Bang Theory Big Bang Theory During the fraction of a second following the explosion, the universe expanded rapidly. You can also think of a stone Think about what happens when you watch hitting the surface of a pond. fireworks explode. The water will ripple out from The same thing happened after the Big Bang. that one point and the ripples Within a fraction of a second, the universe was will expand larger and larger, bigger than a galaxy and has not stopped much like the expansion of expanding since then. the universe. Expanding for 14 billion years. Think back to all 70 school buses!
Slide 13 / 120 Slide 14 / 120 Big Bang Theory 1 The initial explosion that resulted in the creation and expansion of the universe is known as the _____________. Big Bang Theory A Milky Way B Great Expansion C Doppler Effect D This theory states that every piece of matter in the universe came from this one point ... this one explosion. Since everything is made of matter, this means that the "stuff" that makes up everything in the universe came from this one point in time. Including you! Slide 14 (Answer) / 120 Slide 15 / 120 1 The initial explosion that resulted in the 2 Following the Big Bang, the universe: creation and expansion of the universe is A expanded and then rapidly stopped expanding. known as the _____________. B expanded and has not stopped expanding since. Big Bang Theory A C rapidly expanded and then shrunk back to its Milky Way B Answer original size. A Great Expansion C Doppler Effect D [This object is a pull tab] Slide 15 (Answer) / 120 Slide 16 / 120 2 Following the Big Bang, the universe: 3 Scientists believe the Big Bang happened: A expanded and then rapidly stopped expanding. A 14 million years ago B expanded and has not stopped expanding since. B 14 trillion years ago C rapidly expanded and then shrunk back to its C 14 billion years ago Answer original size. B D within the last 3000 years [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 16 (Answer) / 120 Slide 17 / 120 Evidence Supporting the Big Bang Theory 3 Scientists believe the Big Bang happened: No people were around 14 billion years ago. So how did this A 14 million years ago theory come about? B 14 trillion years ago Answer C C 14 billion years ago In the early 1900's, an astronomer* named Edwin Hubble, discovered D within the last 3000 years that various galaxies were spreading apart by examining the patterns he found when tracing their locations in the sky. [This object is a pull tab] (astronomer: a scientist who studies planets, stars, and galaxies) Slide 18 / 120 Slide 19 / 120 Evidence Supporting the Big Bang Theory Evidence Supporting the Big Bang Theory The redder the light, the faster Last year, you learned it is possible to away from us a star is moving. estimate the distance a star is from Earth by looking at its brightness. His astonishing conclusion is that Hubble used a number of methods to almost all stars are moving away estimate how far away each star is. from one another as if there were a massive explosion long ago. But he did much more. He used the color of each star's light to determine which direction they are moving...and how fast. Scientists estimate that this occurred 14 billion years ago. Slide 20 / 120 Slide 20 (Answer) / 120 4 When looking at the night sky, the brighter 4 When looking at the night sky, the brighter stars are typically: stars are typically: A farther from Earth than the dimmer stars. A farther from Earth than the dimmer stars. B closer to Earth than the dimmer B closer to Earth than the dimmer Answer stars. stars. B C the same distance from Earth as all other C the same distance from Earth as all other stars stars D constantly moving closer to Earth D constantly moving closer to Earth [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 21 / 120 Slide 21 (Answer) / 120 5 Which best describes the Big Bang Theory? 5 Which best describes the Big Bang Theory? A The universe has always been the way it is today. A The universe has always been the way it is today. B The universe began from a dying star B The universe began from a dying star C The universe was created by a single explosion C The universe was created by a single explosion Answer C The universe is full of explosions, or "big bangs," The universe is full of explosions, or "big bangs," D D that are making it expand that are making it expand [This object is a pull tab] Slide 22 / 120 Slide 23 / 120 Inflation Theory "Flattening" the Universe While almost all scientists Inflation is said to have believe in some version of "flattened" the universe and it the Big Bang theory, that is easy to misunderstand theory only explains that there what this means. was a rapid expansion, not what caused it. In order to understand this, talk with your group right now Inflation theory explains the about what happens to your explosion itself, and is gaining hands and feet when you acceptance as new data is spend a lot of time swimming discovered every year. in a pool. What do they look like? photo: NASA Slide 24 / 120 Slide 25 / 120 "Flattening" the Universe Dark Matter The study of the universe is far from complete...there is much more to do. In recent years, the effect of dark matter was discovered. This invisible matter makes its presence known by its effect on the motion of the stars and In the early stages of inflation, as the universe was very rapidly galaxies. expanding, it looked much like your fingers do when you spend too much time in the water. Wrinkled. Inflation filled in all those ridges and flattened the surface of the universe, making it smooth, the way fingers revert once out of the Right now the problem is no one knows what dark matter actually is. Click on the image above for a 1 minute explanation of dark matter. water.
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