Slide 1 / 101 Slide 2 / 101 4th Grade Earth Systems 2015-11-10 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 101 Slide 4 / 101 Earth Systems Click on the topic to go to that section Earth's Systems Earth's Systems · Mechanical Weathering · Chemical Weathering · Erosion · Biogeology · Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 101 Slide 6 / 101 Earth's Systems Earth's Systems Earth has many parts that work together Earth has four systems that are continually working together. to make it the way that it is. Do you know the names of any of the systems represented in these pictures? Can you think of some parts of the Earth that work together?
Slide 7 / 101 Slide 8 / 101 Earth's Systems Earth's Systems - Atmosphere The four systems that work together are: The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surrounds Earth. The atmosphere includes the air around us. the atmosphere the biosphere the geosphere the hydrosphere Layers of gases within the atmosphere interact with each other. We can feel when these layers interact through a cool breeze or the thick air of a hot and humid day. Slide 9 / 101 Slide 10 / 101 Earth's Systems - Biosphere Earth's Systems: Geosphere The biosphere is where life is found. The geosphere is the solid, rock part of Earth. The biosphere includes: animals , plants , and all living organisms . The geosphere includes: the interior of Earth (the mantle and core), the crust, rocks, and all landforms that make up Earth. Can you guess what the prefix " Geo " means? What do you think the prefix " Bio " means? Slide 11 / 101 Slide 12 / 101 Earth's Systems - Hydrosphere Earth's Systems How is this fish tank like Earth's four systems? Right now, The hydrosphere is all of the water on Earth. write a few complete sentences to answer this question. The hydrosphere includes: oceans , lakes , rivers , streams , water in the air , snow , rain , and sleet . " Hydro " means ______________.
Slide 13 / 101 Slide 14 / 101 Earth's Systems Earth's Systems What systems do we see here? All of Earth's systems work together and interact with each other. Where do we see Earth's four systems here? (click the boxes to reveal the answers) atmosphere - sky atmosphere - sky biosphere - trees geosphere - rocks biosphere - trees geosphere - cliff hydrosphere - river hydrosphere - lake Slide 15 / 101 Slide 16 / 101 Earth's Systems 1 Earth has four systems that work together. What systems can we see here? True False biosphere - sea turtle hydrosphere - ocean Slide 17 / 101 Slide 18 / 101 2 The ________ includes water in, on, and surrounding 3 The solid, rock part of Earth is the_________. the Earth. A hydrosphere A atmosphere B atmosphere B biosphere C geosphere C geosphere D biosphere D hydrosphere
Slide 19 / 101 Slide 20 / 101 4 The system that includes all life on Earth is the 5 The ________ is the layer of gases that surrounds ________. Earth. A biosphere A geosphere B geosphere B hydrosphere C hydrosphere C atmosphere D atmosphere D biosphere Slide 21 / 101 Slide 22 / 101 7 These are part of which system? 6 Which of Earth's systems includes the crust? A atmosphere A hydrosphere B hydrosphere B biosphere C biosphere C atmosphere D geosphere (snow) D geosphere (rain) Slide 23 / 101 Slide 24 / 101 8 Is this squirrel part of the geosphere? Yes Mechanical Weathering No Return to Table of Contents
Slide 25 / 101 Slide 26 / 101 Mechanical Weathering Mechanical Weathering We know that sometimes Earth's systems work together to Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks, build up or create new rocks or crust - particularly the minerals, and sediments on Earth's surface. geosphere as tectonic plates interact . Weathering breaks down the land around us and shapes what we see on the surface. the geosphere building up rocks in the form of a mountain range But Earth's systems also work together to break down Earth's crust. Slide 27 / 101 Slide 28 / 101 Mechanical Weathering Mechanical Weathering An auto mechanic can help us remember what mechanical Mechanical weathering is one type of weathering. weathering does. Mechanical weathering What does a mechanic do? is when physical (click the box to find the answer) processes break down rock. A mechanic uses tools to break a car into smaller pieces . You may know other things a mechanic does, but For example, all of these small rocks were once part of the ledge above, but now physical forces have broken them off. remembering that a mechanic does this can help us remember what mechanical weathering is . Slide 29 / 101 Slide 30 / 101 Mechanical Weathering Mechanical Weathering Like a mechanic who uses tools to take apart cars, The tools of mechanical weathering are: mechanical weathering is Earth's way of using different (click boxes for answers) physical tools to break apart features on its surface . An auto mechanic may use these tools: water ice heat plants wind glaciers Mechanical weathering uses a different set of tools. All of these work to break down the rocks of Earth's crust. Can you guess what they are?
Slide 31 / 101 Slide 32 / 101 Mechanical Weathering Mechanical Weathering Some more tools of mechanical weathering are: Some tools of mechanical weathering are: (click boxes for answers) (click boxes for answers) water ice the Sun plants wind glaciers All of these work to break down the rocks of Earth's crust. All of these work to break down the rocks of Earth's crust. Slide 33 / 101 Slide 34 / 101 Mechanical Weathering - Water Mechanical Weathering - Ice When water freezes, it expands. Water is a strong force that breaks down rocks. When water gets into rocks and freezes, it expands inside the rock and causes the rock to crack. Here, waves have Click to watch a video demonstrating how ice smashed against can powerfully break apart rocks. these rocks so many times that the rocks are now smoothed out and worn away. Can you explain in your own words what happened in this video? Slide 35 / 101 Slide 36 / 101 Mechanical Weathering - Heat and Mechanical Weathering - Plants Temperature Change Plants also can break apart rocks. Temperature, the change between hot and cold, is another force of mechanical weathering. Here, this tree has grown into the rock and caused it to crack. The roots of plants often break apart rocks. This rock, which has many layers, is broken like a puzzle after many seasons of heating and freezing.
Slide 37 / 101 Slide 38 / 101 Mechanical Weathering - Wind Mechanical Weathering - Glaciers Although wind can be hard to see with our eyes, its effects on Glaciers are giant masses of ice, often a mile high. They are rocks are not. extremely heavy, and can crush rock beneath them. The ice and water from glaciers can also weather rocks by freezing in cracks. softer rock layers - very weathered by the wind harder rock layers - less weathered by the wind Here we can see how wind has weathered the softer layers this rock more than the harder layers. This rock shows marks from a glacier scraping its surface. Slide 39 / 101 Slide 40 / 101 Mechanical Weathering 9 Mechanical weathering changes the size and shape of rocks. Mechanical weathering is constantly at work. True False Which Earth system does mechanical weathering break down? The geosphere is broken down by weathering. Do you notice which Earth systems work to break down rocks? Slide 41 / 101 Slide 42 / 101 11 Which of the following is not a form of mechanical 10 What does an auto mechanic do that is similar to what weathering? mechanical weathering does? A plants A fixes things that are broken B gravity B uses tools to put things together C temperature change C uses tools to break things apart D glaciers D figures out a problem and how to fix it
Slide 43 / 101 Slide 44 / 101 LAB: Ice Breaks Rocks 12 Does rock that is hard weather faster than rock How does ice break rocks apart? that is soft? Yes No In this lab, we will create models of how ice breaks apart rocks. Slide 45 / 101 Slide 46 / 101 LAB: Water Weathers How does water mechanically weather rocks? Chemical Weathering In this lab, we will create models of how water weathers Return to Table rocks. of Contents Get your arms ready to do some shaking! Slide 47 / 101 Slide 48 / 101 Chemical Weathering Chemical Weathering Chemical weathering is the second type of weathering. For example, you Chemical weathering is when chemicals change the can see where this rock has been materials that make up a rock. chemically Chemical weathering does not just break down rocks like weathered. It has changed from mechanical weathering does, but actually changes what the being a smooth rocks are made of. brown rock to a rough yellow one.
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