Slide 1 / 107 Slide 2 / 107 4 th Grade PSI The History of Planet Earth 2015-11-10 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 107 Slide 4 / 107 The History of Planet Earth Click on the topic to go to that section The Structure of Earth The Structure of Earth · Rock Layers · Fossils and Relative Time · Rock Formations and Earth Forces · Tectonic Plates · Earth's Visible Features · Return to Table of Contents Patterns of Earth's Features · Slide 5 / 107 Slide 6 / 107 The Structure of Earth The Structure of Earth When you look at the world around you, have you ever asked The things that we see today on the surface of the Earth exist How did the Earth get to be the way it is today? for many reasons, and they can teach us many things. The structures we can see on the surface and things underneath the surface tell us about the Earth's history.
Slide 7 / 107 Slide 8 / 107 The Structure of Earth The Structure of Earth The things we see on the surface of Earth today have gotten Working with your table, come up with a list of structures on to be that way over many, many years. Earth that you think might tell some of the story of Earth's past. The surface of Earth - what we see with our eyes - is the outermost layer of Earth and is called the crust. crust Even though the crust is the outer layer, there are still parts of the crust that are too deep for us to see. Slide 9 / 107 Slide 10 / 107 The Structure of Earth The Structure of Earth Earth has other layers underneath the crust. Most of the crust is made up of rock. These are called the mantle and the core. Much of this rock is sedimentary rock . Sedimentary rocks are one of the main reasons why the crust tells us so much about Earth's history. But when we talk mantle about the history of Earth, it is the crust - core the outer layer - that can tell us the most. Why do we rely on the crust to tell us the story and not the mantle or the core? Slide 11 / 107 Slide 11 (Answer) / 107 1 Can the things we see on Earth's surface can tell us 1 Can the things we see on Earth's surface can tell us about Earth's history? about Earth's history? Yes Yes No No Answer Yes. [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 12 / 107 Slide 12 (Answer) / 107 2 Is it possible Earth's surface has gotten to be the way it is 2 Is it possible Earth's surface has gotten to be the way it is within the past 50 years? within the past 50 years? Yes Yes No No Answer No, Earth's surface has gotten to be the way it is over many, many years. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 13 / 107 Slide 13 (Answer) / 107 3 The outer layer of Earth is called the: 3 The outer layer of Earth is called the: A skin A skin B mantle B mantle C crust C crust D core D core Answer C [This object is a pull tab] Slide 14 / 107 Slide 14 (Answer) / 107 4 We can see all of Earth's crust with our eyes. 4 We can see all of Earth's crust with our eyes. Yes Yes No No Answer No, we cannot see all of the Earth's crust with our eyes because the crust is thick. [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 15 / 107 Slide 15 (Answer) / 107 5 Which layer of Earth tells us the most about Earth's 5 Which layer of Earth tells us the most about Earth's history? history? A the core A the core B the mantle B the mantle C the outside C the outside Answer D the crust D the crust D [This object is a pull tab] Slide 16 / 107 Slide 17 / 107 Rock Layers Sedimentary rock, which makes up much of Earth's crust, is made from sediment. Sediment is broken down pieces of rock and other solid material Rock Layers that settles to the bottom of a liquid . Sediment is often dirt and rock particles that settle at the bottom of bodies of water, but it also refers to any solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid, such as these particles in this glass of water. sediment Return to Table of Contents Slide 18 / 107 Slide 19 / 107 Rock Layers Rock Layers Sedimentary rock is formed over many years. So here's how it happens: Sediments are deposited (usually by water). Can you brainstorm any ways sedimentary rock could come to be? S ediments build up in layers - a process called sedimentation . Remember our definition of sediment. Sediments are compacted as the weight of the sediments on top squash the sediments at the bottom. Sediments are cemented by crystals of salt that are left after the water has been squeezed out of the rocks. Where on Earth might we see evidence of layering? How could that have happened?
Slide 20 / 107 Slide 21 / 107 Rock Layers Rock Layers Sedimentary rocks provide a history of the evolution of Earth, deposition sedimentation compaction cementation especially within the past billion years. When sediments are deposited and compacted to form sedimentary rock, sediments are accumulated in beds one on top of another - in layers . This means that when cut deep into the crust, below the surface we can see with our eyes, we find layers of different rocks that have formed over a long period of time. txstate.edu deposition sedimentation compaction cementation Slide 22 / 107 Slide 23 / 107 Rock Layers Rock Layers Geologists study ancient sedimentary Which layer of rock in this diagram do you think is the youngest? rocks to determine what environment Which is the oldest? Label the top and bottom layers and then they formed in. move the boxes to reveal the answers. Determining ancient environments is very important to understand the This is called the Law of Superposition . history of Earth. It helps geologists understand how Earth's surface has changed over time. move for answer One way to study this is to compare the sedimentary structures in ancient rocks with sedimentary structures in modern environments. move for answer Slide 24 / 107 Slide 24 (Answer) / 107 6 The most important characteristic of a sediment is: 6 The most important characteristic of a sediment is: A that it settles to the bottom of a liquid A that it settles to the bottom of a liquid B that it floats in liquid B that it floats in liquid C its color C its color Answer D that it is small D that it is small A [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 25 / 107 Slide 25 (Answer) / 107 7 Order the following steps from first to last in the process 7 Order the following steps from first to last in the process of sedimentary rock formation (enter all 4 letters on your of sedimentary rock formation (enter all 4 letters on your responder in the correct order): responder in the correct order): A compaction A compaction B deposition B deposition Answer B, D, A, C C cementation C cementation D sedimentation D sedimentation [This object is a pull tab] Slide 26 / 107 Slide 26 (Answer) / 107 8 Sedimentary rocks form in layers. 8 Sedimentary rocks form in layers. Yes Yes No No Answer Yes. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 27 / 107 Slide 27 (Answer) / 107 9 The Law of Superposition says: 9 The Law of Superposition says: A rock layers that are closer to the surface are old A rock layers that are closer to the surface are old B old and new rocks are found in the same place B old and new rocks are found in the same place C rock layers get older as you go further down C rock layers get older as you go further down D rock layers that are deep down are the most recent D rock layers that are deep down are the most recent Answer C [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 28 / 107 Slide 28 (Answer) / 107 10 Geologists study ancient rocks to learn about: 10 Geologists study ancient rocks to learn about: A people A people B environments B environments C sediments C sediments D cementation D cementation Answer B [This object is a pull tab] Slide 29 / 107 Slide 30 / 107 LAB: Rock Layers In this lab, we will look more at how sedimentary rocks form, focusing on the questions: Fossils and Relative How are different sediments deposited differently? Time How do sedimentary rocks form? Return to Table of Contents Slide 31 / 107 Slide 32 / 107 Fossils and Relative Time Fossils and Relative Time Sedimentary rocks not only contain sediments such as dirt, Rocks of the same age contain the same, or very similar, fossils. sand, and pebbles, but also fossils - preserved remains of plants or animals . So, for example, very recently formed rocks may have a lot of these fossils, while in rocks from an older time period there may be none of those fossils, but many of these fossils, and in rocks from an even older time period, there may be lots of these fossils, but none of the types found in Fossils come in many forms. They can be bones, tracks, the more recent rock. plants, or bodies of animals, among other things.
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