World Regional World Regional Geography Geography David Sallee - PDF document

EUROPE EUROPE World Regional World Regional Geography Geography David Sallee David Sallee Lesson 4 Lesson 4 SUBDI VI SI ONS OF THE REALM SUBDI VI SI ONS OF THE REALM MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES QUALITIES QUALITIES QUALITIES � WESTERN EXTREMITY OF EURASIA � Western Europe � LINGERING WORLD INFLUENCE � Eastern Europe � HIGH DEGREES OF SPECIALIZATION � British Isles � MANUFACTURING DOMINANCE � Northern � NUMEROUS NATION-STATES Europe � Mediterranean � URBANIZED POPULATION Europe � HIGH STANDARDS OF LIVING R R PHYSI CAL PHYSI CAL � � At the heart of the land At the heart of the land E E LANDSCAPES LANDSCAPES L hemisphere L hemisphere A A � � Maximum efficiency for contact Maximum efficiency for contact • Alpine T T System I I with the rest of the world with the rest of the world V V • Western E E Uplands L • Central L Uplands O O � Every part of Europe is close to � Every part of Europe is close to C C the sea. the sea. • North A A European T T � � Navigable waterways Navigable waterways Lowland I I � Moderate distances Moderate distances � O O N N 1

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL � Began in Europe AGRARI AN AGRARI AN REVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION in the 1750s REVOLUTI ON � Developed in the UK Developed in the UK REVOLUTI ON � � Based on new between 1750- between 1750 - agricultural 1850 1850 � Evolved from technical � Evolved from technical innovations innovations that innovations that � Enabled occurred in British occurred in British increased industry industry food � Proved to be a major � Proved to be a major catalyst towards catalyst towards production increased increased � Enabled urbanization urbanization sustained � Produced a distinct Produced a distinct � population spatial pattern in spatial pattern in Europe Europe increase INDUSTR INDUSTR DUSTRIAL REV DUSTRIAL REV AL REVOLUTION AL REVOLUTION LUTION LUTION SPATI AL I NTERACTI ON SPATI AL I NTERACTI ON � Movement Movement across geographic space across geographic space � � I nvolves contact of people in two or I nvolves contact of people in two or � more places for the purposes of more places for the purposes of exchanging goods or ideas goods or ideas exchanging � Principles Principles � – COMPLEMENTARI TY COMPLEMENTARI TY – – TRANSFERABI LI TY TRANSFERABI LI TY – – I NTERVENI NG OPPORTUNI TY I NTERVENI NG OPPORTUNI TY – TRANSFERABI LI TY TRANSFERABI LI TY COMPLEMENTARI TY COMPLEMENTARI TY � The ease with which a commodity may The ease with which a commodity may � � Two places, through an � Two places, through an exchange exchange of of be transported or the capacity to move be transported or the capacity to move goods, can specifically satisfy each goods, can specifically satisfy each a good at a bearable cost a good at a bearable cost other’ ’s demands. s demands. other Germany � Rivers, Mountain Passes, Road Rivers, Mountain Passes, Road � � One area has a � One area has a networks networks surplus of an item of an item surplus � � Advances in Advances in demanded by a demanded by a transportation transportation second area. second area. Italy technology technology 2

P P I NTEREVENI NG OPPORTUNI TY I NTEREVENI NG OPPORTUNI TY O O P P U U � The presence of a nearer source of � The presence of a nearer source of L L E E supply or opportunity that acts to supply or opportunity that acts to A A U U diminish the attractiveness of more diminish the attractiveness of more T T R R I I O O distant sources and sites distant sources and sites O O P P N N E E D D E E N N S S I I Population Density: 265.2 persons per T T square mile Urbanization: 73% Y Y CI TI ES CI TI ES PRI MATE CI TI ES CI TI ES PRI MATE � A country A country’ ’s largest city s largest city � � � The term is a The term is a political designation. political designation. � Jefferson Jefferson’ ’s criteria: s criteria: � � Refers to a Refers to a municipal entity municipal entity that is that is � governed by some kind of administrative by some kind of administrative � Always disproportionately larger than � governed Always disproportionately larger than organization organization the second largest urban center -- the second largest urban center -- more more than twice the size than twice the size � The largest cities (especially capitals) are: � The largest cities (especially capitals) are: � Expressive of the national culture � Expressive of the national culture the foci of the state the foci of the state – – � Usually (but not always) the capital � Usually (but not always) the capital – complete microcosms of their national complete microcosms of their national – � Examples: Examples: Paris, London, Athens Paris, London, Athens � cultures cultures EUROPEAN versus AMERI CAN CI TI ES EUROPEAN versus AMERI CAN CI TI ES EUROPEAN versus AMERI CAN CI TI ES Similarities Differences • Central • High suburban core density • Apartments • Suburban • Public ring transportation • Land scarcity • Centralized Urban planning 3

Population of Europe Population of Europe Population of Europe Population of Europe � Population Growth Rate: 0% Population Growth Rate: 0% � • Falling share of Falling share of � Birth Rate: 10 births/ 1,000 population Birth Rate: 10 births/ 1,000 population • � the world’ the world ’s s � Death Rate: 11 deaths/ 1,000 Death Rate: 11 deaths/ 1,000 � population population population population � Labor force: (sources � Labor force: (sources - - CI A Fact Book) CI A Fact Book) • Fertility at an all Fertility at an all- - • – I ndustry 41% I ndustry 41% – time low time low – Agriculture 6% Agriculture 6% – • Fewer young Fewer young • – Other (services, etc.) 53% Other (services, etc.) 53% – people people � Population profiles: Population profiles: � • Smaller working Smaller working • – Current snapshots Current snapshots – I nfertility rates 'could I nfertility rates 'could age age – Reveal historical events Reveal historical events – threaten Europe's threaten Europe's population population population' population' – Enable projections Enable projections – European Supranationalism European Supranationalism Supranationalism Supranationalism � A venture involving A venture involving three or more three or more states states 1944 � 1944 � Political, economic, and/ or cultural Political, economic, and/ or cultural Benelux Benelux � cooperation to promote shared objectives cooperation to promote shared objectives Agreement Agreement • Netherlands Netherlands • New New “ “Euro Euro” ”Currency Currency • Belgium Belgium • • Luxembourg • Luxembourg Why would anyone want to give away Why would anyone want to give away international autonomy, one of the most international autonomy, one of the most sought after goals in this century? sought after goals in this century? History of European History of European European European Supranationlism Supranationlism Union (EU) Union (EU) � Original Members: (12) Belgium, Original Members: (12) Belgium, � Primary function Primary function Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, of the OEEC of the OEEC I celand, I taly, Luxembourg, I celand, I taly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK To accept and To accept and � Established: 7 February 1992 � Established: 7 February 1992 distribute funds distribute funds � Effective: 1 November 1993 � Effective: 1 November 1993 allocated under allocated under � Aimed to coordinate policy among � Aimed to coordinate policy among the Marshall Plan the Marshall Plan the members in three fields: the members in three fields: -- economics economics Developed by the U.S. to assist Developed by the U.S. to assist -- -- defense defense the rebuilding of European the rebuilding of European -- -- justice and home affairs justice and home affairs countries at the end of WW II countries at the end of WW II 4