World Regional World Regional Geography Geography David Sallee David Sallee Lesson 10 Lesson 10 EAST ASI A EAST ASI A MAJOR GEOGRAPHI C QUALI TI ES MAJOR GEOGRAPHI C QUALI TI ES EAST ASI A EAST ASI A OF EAST ASI A OF EAST ASI A � WORLD WORLD’ ’S MOST POPULOUS REALM S MOST POPULOUS REALM � � � JAKOTA TRI ANGLE (JAPAN JAKOTA TRI ANGLE (JAPAN- -SOUTH KOREA SOUTH KOREA- - TAI WAN) LI ES AT THE VANGUARD OF PACI FI C TAI WAN) LI ES AT THE VANGUARD OF PACI FI C RI M DEVELOPMENT RI M DEVELOPMENT � POLI TI CAL AND ECONOMI C FORCES POLI TI CAL AND ECONOMI C FORCES � CONTI NUE TO TRANSFORM TRADI TI ONAL CONTI NUE TO TRANSFORM TRADI TI ONAL CULTURAL LANDSCAPES. CULTURAL LANDSCAPES. � I NTENSI FYI NG REGI ONAL DI SPARI TI ES I NTENSI FYI NG REGI ONAL DI SPARI TI ES � � � POPULATI ON CONCENTRATI ONS I N THE EAST, POPULATI ON CONCENTRATI ONS I N THE EAST, SI TUATED I N RI VER BASI NS SI TUATED I N RI VER BASI NS � POLI TI CAL GEOGRAPHY REVEALS POLI TI CAL GEOGRAPHY REVEALS � I NSTABI LI TY. I NSTABI LI TY. REGI ONS OF THE REALM REGI ONS OF THE REALM E E A A � � CHI NA PROPER CHI NA PROPER- - EASTERN HALF; THE EASTERN HALF; THE CORE CORE S S � XI ZANG (TI BET) XI ZANG (TI BET) - - TALL MOUNTAI NS AND TALL MOUNTAI NS AND � T T HI GH PLATEAUS; SPARSELY POPULATED HI GH PLATEAUS; SPARSELY POPULATED � XI NJI ANG � XI NJI ANG- - VAST DESERT BASI N AND VAST DESERT BASI N AND MOUNTAI N RI MS; A CULTURAL CONTACT MOUNTAI N RI MS; A CULTURAL CONTACT A A ZONE ZONE S S � MONGOLI A MONGOLI A- - A DESERT, BUFFER STATE A DESERT, BUFFER STATE � � � THE JAKOTA TRI ANGLE THE JAKOTA TRI ANGLE I I – JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA, TAI WAN JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA, TAI WAN – A A – RAPI D ECONOMI C DEVELOPMENT RAPI D ECONOMI C DEVELOPMENT – 1
PHYSI OGRAPHY PHYSI OGRAPHY PHYSI OGRAPHY PHYSI OGRAPHY � � TOTAL AREA I S ABOUT 3.6 MI LLI ON SQ TOTAL AREA I S ABOUT 3.6 MI LLI ON SQ MI MI � LONGI TUDI NAL EXTENT I S COMPARABLE LONGI TUDI NAL EXTENT I S COMPARABLE � TO THE US; LATI TUDI NAL RANGE FROM TO THE US; LATI TUDI NAL RANGE FROM NORTHERN QUEBEC TO CENTRAL NORTHERN QUEBEC TO CENTRAL CARI BBEAN CARI BBEAN � BORDERED (SURROUNDED) BY OCEAN, BORDERED (SURROUNDED) BY OCEAN, � HI GH MOUNTAI NS, STEPPE COUNTRY, HI GH MOUNTAI NS, STEPPE COUNTRY, AND DESERT AND DESERT � � VAST AND VARI ED TOPOGRAPHY VAST AND VARI ED TOPOGRAPHY � � CLI MATE TYPES I NCLUDE: B (DRY); C CLI MATE TYPES I NCLUDE: B (DRY); C (HUMI D TEMPERATE); D (HUMI D COLD); (HUMI D TEMPERATE); D (HUMI D COLD); AND H (UNCLASSI FI ED HI GHLANDS) AND H (UNCLASSI FI ED HI GHLANDS) CLI MATE COMPARI SON CHI NA CHI NA’ ’S POLI TI CAL MAP S POLI TI CAL MAP CLI MATE COMPARI SON � 4 CENTRAL 4 CENTRAL- -GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT- -ADMI NI STERED ADMI NI STERED � MUNI CI PALI TI ES MUNI CI PALI TI ES – BEI JI NG (CAPI TAL); TI ANJI N (PORT CI TY); BEI JI NG (CAPI TAL); TI ANJI N (PORT CI TY); – SHANGHI (LARGEST CI TY); CHONGQUI NG SHANGHI (LARGEST CI TY); CHONGQUI NG (I NTERI OR RI VER PORT) (I NTERI OR RI VER PORT) � � 5 AUTONOMOUS REGI ONS 5 AUTONOMOUS REGI ONS – NEI MONGOL (I NNER MONGOLI A); NI NGXI A NEI MONGOL (I NNER MONGOLI A); NI NGXI A – HUI ; XI NJI ANG UYGUR (NW); GUANGXI HUI ; XI NJI ANG UYGUR (NW); GUANGXI ZHUANG (SOUTH); XI ZANG (TI BET) ZHUANG (SOUTH); XI ZANG (TI BET) � � 22 PROVI NCES 22 PROVI NCES – GROW I N SI ZE FROM EAST TO WEST GROW I N SI ZE FROM EAST TO WEST – � � 1 SPECI AL ADMI NI STRATI VE REGI ON 1 SPECI AL ADMI NI STRATI VE REGI ON – XI ANGGANG (FORMERLY HONG KONG) XI ANGGANG (FORMERLY HONG KONG) – LANGUAGES LANGUAGES ETHNI C GROUPS ETHNI C GROUPS � CHI NESE I S ONE OF THE WORLD CHI NESE I S ONE OF THE WORLD’ ’S S � OLDEST ACTI VE LANGUAGES. Han Chinese 91.9% OLDEST ACTI VE LANGUAGES. � SPOKEN CHI NESE VARI ES DI ALECT TO � SPOKEN CHI NESE VARI ES DI ALECT TO Zhuang DI ALECT (not mutually intelligible), DI ALECT (not mutually intelligible), Uygur ALTHOUGH THE CHARACTERS (over ALTHOUGH THE CHARACTERS (over Hiu 50,000) USED TO REPRESENT THE 50,000) USED TO REPRESENT THE Yi LANGUAGE REMAI N THE SAME. LANGUAGE REMAI N THE SAME. Tibetan 8.1% � SI NCE CHI NESE I S WRI TTEN I N SI NCE CHI NESE I S WRI TTEN I N Miao � Other CHARACTERS RATHER THAN BY A Manchu CHARACTERS RATHER THAN BY A 8% Mongol PHONETI C ALPHABET, CHI NESE WORDS PHONETI C ALPHABET, CHI NESE WORDS Han Buyi MUST BE TRANSLI TERATED SO MUST BE TRANSLI TERATED SO Other Han Korean FOREI GNERS CAN PRONOUNCE THEM. FOREI GNERS CAN PRONOUNCE THEM. 92% 2
THE PI NYI N SYSTEM THE PI NYI N SYSTEM PI NYI N PI NYI N � ENABLED LANGUAGE TO BE A ENABLED LANGUAGE TO BE A � � LI TERALLY, � LI TERALLY, “ “SPELL SOUNDS SPELL SOUNDS” ” CENTRI PETAL FORCE CENTRI PETAL FORCE � DEVELOPED I N THE PRC � DEVELOPED I N THE PRC � THE MOST ACCEPTED SYSTEM OF ROMANI ZI NG � THE MOST ACCEPTED SYSTEM OF ROMANI ZI NG � ADOPTED I N 1958 ADOPTED I N 1958 � CHI NESE CHI NESE � BASED ON PRONUNCI ATI ON OF � BASED ON PRONUNCI ATI ON OF Chinese Chinese Translation Translation CHI NESE CHARACTERS I N NORTHERN CHI NESE CHARACTERS I N NORTHERN Bei Bei North North MANDARI N MANDARI N Nan South Nan South � � ESTABLI SHED A STANDARD FORM OF ESTABLI SHED A STANDARD FORM OF Xi Xi West West Dong Dong East East LANGUAGE THROUGHOUT THE LANGUAGE THROUGHOUT THE Jing Jing Capital Capital COUNTRY COUNTRY Shan Shan Mountain Mountain He River (in the north) He River (in the north) Jiang Jiang River (in the south) River (in the south) CHI NESE PERSPECTI VES CHI NESE PERSPECTI VES CHI NA’ CHI NA ’S RELATI VE LOCATI ON S RELATI VE LOCATI ON � ONE OF THE WORLD ONE OF THE WORLD’ ’S GREAT CULTURE S GREAT CULTURE � � I SOLATI ON � I SOLATI ON HEARTHS HEARTHS – NATURAL PROTECTI VE BARRI ERS NATURAL PROTECTI VE BARRI ERS – – DI STANCE DI STANCE � CONTI NUOUS CI VI LI ZATI ON FOR OVER CONTI NUOUS CI VI LI ZATI ON FOR OVER – � – I NWARD LOOKI NG (CENTRAL KI NGDOM) I NWARD LOOKI NG (CENTRAL KI NGDOM) 4,000 YEARS – 4,000 YEARS WI TH MI NOR I NCI DENCES OF CULTURAL WI TH MI NOR I NCI DENCES OF CULTURAL � � VI EW OF CHI NA AS THE CENTER OF THE VI EW OF CHI NA AS THE CENTER OF THE DI FFUSI ON DI FFUSI ON CI VI LI ZED WORLD CI VI LI ZED WORLD – EFFECTS OF ONE OCEAN EFFECTS OF ONE OCEAN – � A HI STORY OF EMPERORS WHO RESTRI CTED A HI STORY OF EMPERORS WHO RESTRI CTED � � EASTERN VS EASTERN VS � USE OF THE COASTLI NE, EXCEPT I N LOCAL USE OF THE COASTLI NE, EXCEPT I N LOCAL WESTERN BI AS WESTERN BI AS CI RCUMSTANCES CI RCUMSTANCES � TODAY THE OCEAN I S PLAYI NG A MAJOR TODAY THE OCEAN I S PLAYI NG A MAJOR � � I NWARD LOOKI NG I NWARD LOOKI NG � ROLE I N THE ECONOMI C (AND CULTURAL) ROLE I N THE ECONOMI C (AND CULTURAL) � CLOSED SOCI ETY CLOSED SOCI ETY � TRANSFORMATI ON OF COASTAL CHI NA. TRANSFORMATI ON OF COASTAL CHI NA. CONFUCI US CONFUCI US POPULATI ON POPULATI ON � CHI NA CHI NA’ ’S MOST I NFLUENTI AL S MOST I NFLUENTI AL � � 1,249,100,000 (1998) � 1,249,100,000 (1998) PHI LOSOPHER AND TEACHER PHI LOSOPHER AND TEACHER � 1,294,000,000 (2002) 1,294,000,000 (2002) � � 551 � 551- - 479 BC 479 BC- - TOOK ON SPI RI TUAL TOOK ON SPI RI TUAL � Annual natural increase Annual natural increase � PROPORTI ONS AFTER HI S DEATH PROPORTI ONS AFTER HI S DEATH- - CONFUCI ANI SM 0.9% (1970s 0.9% (1970s - - 3% ) 3% ) CONFUCI ANI SM � FOCUSED ON THE SUFFERI NG OF ORDI NARY FOCUSED ON THE SUFFERI NG OF ORDI NARY � � Life expectancy: 69 (males), 73 (females) Life expectancy: 69 (males), 73 (females) � PEOPLE DURI NG THE ZHOU DYNASTY PEOPLE DURI NG THE ZHOU DYNASTY � � TFR 1.8 born/ women (1997) TFR 1.8 born/ women (1997) � EMPHASI ZED THAT HUMAN VI RTUES, EMPHASI ZED THAT HUMAN VI RTUES, � � Physiological density � Physiological density- -3,594 people/ sq mi 3,594 people/ sq mi RATHER THAN GODLY CONNECTI ONS, RATHER THAN GODLY CONNECTI ONS, – Only 10% of the land is arable and 80% of the Only 10% of the land is arable and 80% of the SHOULD DETERMI NE A PERSON’ SHOULD DETERMI NE A PERSON ’S PLACE I N S PLACE I N – population lives on this land population lives on this land SOCI ETY SOCI ETY � Distribution: western 2/ 3s is sparsely Distribution: western 2/ 3s is sparsely � � TEACHI NGS HAVE DOMI NATED CHI NESE LI FE � TEACHI NGS HAVE DOMI NATED CHI NESE LI FE AND THOUGHT FOR MORE THAN 20 populated (minorities) AND THOUGHT FOR MORE THAN 20 populated (minorities) CENTURI ES CENTURI ES 3
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