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See What You’ve Been Missing with HD Fiber Optic Sensing How Fiber Optic Sensing Enables the Acquisition of Critical Data

Presenter Nick Scott B.S. Mechanical Engineering from Virginia Tech Luna Applications Engineer Supports: ▪ Project research testing and design ▪ Customer training and applications

See What You’ve Been Missing with HD Fiber Optic Sensing How Fiber Optic Sensing Enables the Acquisition of Critical Data

Measurements and Critical Data Product Design Operations and Research and Manufacturing Support Verification Process Advanced Model End-of-Line Condition Optimization Characterization Calibration Testing Monitoring and Contr ol Simulation Performance Quality Diagnostics and Verification Testing Control Troubleshooting Temperature | Strain | Pressure | Load/Force | Vibration | Acoustics | Displacement

Limitations of Traditional Data Acquisition and Sensors Bulky Cabling and Sparse Data Vulnerable to Sensors Environment • Multiple wires per sensor • Discrete and expensive • Susceptible to electromagnetic • Limited application due to measurement points interference, high voltages and corrosion size and weight • Incomplete picture Selected Sensor Locations

How DO We Acquire Critical Data We Need? Digital Twins and Batteries and Electric Advanced Materials Advanced Modeling Powertrains and Composites Multi-Material Joining Predictive Maintenance and Bonding Autonomous Transport Smart Infrastructure Industrial IoT Smart Parts and Smart Additive Manufacturing Systems

What is Fiber Optic Sensing? Traditional Data Acquisition and Measurement Systems Data Electrical Sensors Acquisition • Foil strain gages • Load Cells System • Thermocouples • Accelerometers Sensor Cabling • RTDs • Etc … (multiple copper wires per sensor) Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Fiber Optic Sensors Multiple sensing points (up to thousands) Optical on single optical fiber Interrogator Optical Fiber

Fiber Optic Sensing – How It Provides Critical Data Small, lightweight and flexible Embed sensors directly into Instrument Create smart parts with • composite materials complex geometries embedded or surface • welds and adhesive joints mounted sensors • 3D-printed parts

Fiber Optic Sensing – How It Provides Critical Data More Data, More Insight Z Very low incremental cost for additional measurement points Faster, more complete validation Don’t miss critical hot spots More data for process of models and simulations or unexpected details control and optimization

Fiber Optic Sensing – How It Provides Critical Data Electrically Passive and Environmentally Stable Immune to electromagnetic Unaffected Won’t corrode interference (EMI) by high voltages

Fiber Optic Sensing – How It Provides Critical Data Distributed Easily and economically instrument large areas and structures Span long distances (no impact on measurement quality) Distribute and synchronize hundreds or thousands of measurements on versatile optical fiber

Fiber Optic Sensing – How It Provides Critical Data Multi-Parameter Measurements Multiple measurement types on a single fiber Optical Interrogator Vibration Strain Temperature Temperature Strain Displacement Vibration

Ways Fiber Optic Sensing Shows What You’ve Been Missing 1. Small, lightweight and flexible 2. More data, more insight 3. Electrically passive and environmentally stable 4. Distributed 5. Multi-parameter

Types of Fiber Optic Sensing Single-Point Sensor Single sensing element • Fabry-Pérot Sensors Optical fiber • Single Fiber Bragg Grating Distributed Sensors Multiplexed/Quasi-Distributed Multiple sensing points • Fiber Bragg Gratings Optical fiber Fully Distributed • Rayleigh Continuous sensing along fiber • Raman Optical fiber • Brillouin

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensing – How Does It Work? Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) fiber core λ λ Transmitted Transmitted Signal Signal λ 1 λ 2 λ 3 Reflected Signal Reflected Signal Reflected Bragg wavelengths (  n ) change with strain and λ 1 λ 2 λ 3 λ temperature λ 1 λ 2 λ 3 λ

High-Speed FBG Sensing System Surface Strain Temperature Embedded Strain Acceleration (multiplexed Fabry-Perot) ENLIGHT HYPERION Sensors Measurement Software Interrogator Hundreds of sensors per system Strain, temperature, acceleration, displacement, etc. Acquisition rates up to 5 kHz HYPERION Long fiber range (km’s) Up to 16 parallel channels

High-Definition (Rayleigh) FO Sensing – How Does it Work? Optical Fiber fiber core Tunable Laser Source Rayleigh Backscatter Signal Rayleigh backscatter due to natural minute variations in • Backscatter signal provides unique “fingerprint” of fiber index of refraction in fiber core • Frequency shift correlates to change in applied strain or temperature • OFDR system resolves shift along fiber length with high resolution Strain/Temperature vs. Length Microstrain Signal Processing Length (m)

High-Definition Fiber Optic Sensing System ODiSI HD Sensors – Strain and Temperature (Optical Distributed Sensor Interrogator) Measures strain or temperature continuously along fiber (resolution down to 0.65 mm) Sensor length up to 50 m (per channel) ODiSI Acquisition rates up to 250 Hz Up to 8 parallel channels

Comparing ODiSI and HYPERION High-Definition (Rayleigh) High-Speed (FBG/FP) Fiber Optic Sensing Fiber Optic Sensing Ultra-high spatial resolution High-speed measurements Measure continuously along standard FBGs or FBG/FP-based transducers optical fiber distributed on optical fiber Strain, Temperature, Strain, Temperature Acceleration, Displacement, Pressure ODiSI HYPERION

DEMO Sensing with Luna ODiSI 6100 and Hyperion Systems

How DO We Acquire Critical Data We Need? Digital Twins and Batteries and Electric Advanced Materials Advanced Modeling Powertrains and Composites Multi-Material Joining Predictive Maintenance and Bonding Autonomous Transport Smart Infrastructure Industrial IoT Smart Parts and Smart Additive Manufacturing Systems

Advanced Material Joining and Welding

Battery Testing and Monitoring Challenge FOS Solution Characterize or validate thermal High-definition fiber optic sensing response of cells Single sensor fiber attached across terminals Detect and locate hot spots, thermal or integrated into assembly runaway Simple, safe and cost effective Traditional Approach Selectively attach thermocouples, RTDs, thermistors at few key locations Carefully manage electrical grounding and isolation circuits to avoid damage to measurement equipment and battery

Distributed, Dynamic Structural Monitoring Challenge FOS Solution Characterize dynamic response of large Capture distributed measurements of structure • Vibration/acoustics • Dynamic strain Correlate distributed measurements to • Static strain, temperature, displacement analyze global behavior or locate events Time-synchronized measurements over large areas Operational Modal Analysis Security/Intrusion Detection (Vibration)

Smart Parts and Smart Systems – with FOS Challenge FOS Solution/Examples Embed sensors permanently into Smart parts and smart materials with HD sensors embedded into material materials and components • No structural impact of embedded sensors Detect damage, assess condition • Sensors interrogated at service intervals and health “Cradle to grave” monitoring and rapid inspection Composite overwrapped pressure vessel with embedded fiber sensors Onboard real-time health monitoring with FBG sensors • Economical embedded measurement system • Lightweight, distributed sensing network

Ways Fiber Optic Sensing Shows What You’ve Been Missing High-Speed 1. Small, lightweight and flexible Fiber Optic Sensing • Long range and coverage (km’s) 2. More data, more insight • Easy-to-use rugged sensors • Strain, temperature, acceleration, displacement, pressure 3. Electrically passive and • Monitor Critical Areas High-Definition environmentally stable Fiber Optic Sensing • Ultra-high spatial resolution, HYPERION down to 0.65 mm 4. Distributed • Low-profile, embeddable sensors • Strain and temperature • Identify Critical Areas 5. Multi-parameter ODiSI

QUESTIONS? High-Speed Website: www.lunainc.com Fiber Optic Sensing Email: solutions@lunainc.com • Long range and coverage (km’s) • Easy-to-use rugged sensors Sales Support: 1.866.586.2682 • Strain, temperature, acceleration, displacement, pressure • Monitor Critical Areas High-Definition Fiber Optic Sensing • Ultra-high spatial resolution, HYPERION down to 0.65 mm • Low-profile, embeddable sensors • Strain and temperature • Identify Critical Areas ODiSI