5/20/2014 WELKOM Research is any scholarly inquiry that is systematic, intentional, and collaborative (integrative). Consuming and producing research is the collective responsibility of all members of the higher education advising community, including advisors, faculty, administrators and students. 1
5/20/2014 What do you want to know more about?? What are your “wonderings” . . . ?? ◦ Talk to your neighbor: “I wonder why . . . “ 2
5/20/2014 I. I. Arti Articulate an an in inqu quiry qu ques estion II. Establish theoretical framework and conduct literature review III. Identify appropriate design and methodology IV. Collect and interpret data V. Dissemination What are they? Why are they used? How are they useful? Revise at least one of your “wonderings” to become research questions (pages 3-4) Share it with the rest of us! 3
5/20/2014 People = words Data = numbers How do _________ describe _______________? What are the perceptions of ________ about __________? 4
5/20/2014 How do __________ describe _______________? ◦ How do third year bachelor students describe the importance of advising sessions on their academic success? What are the perceptions of ________ about __________? ◦ What are the perceptions of advisors about the use of research in their day-to-day work? How frequently do _______ do this: ________? How frequently do _______ do this: ________? ◦ How frequently/how often do first year students . . . seek assistance from study advisors on their own initiative? 5
5/20/2014 What is the relationship between ________ and _______ on ______? Does _______ & _______ predict ___________? Is there a relationship between _________ and _______ on/in ______? ◦ Is there a relationship between self-regulated learning-strategy levels and self-efficacy in academic planning? Erlich & Russ-Eft (2013) Do _______ & _______ predict ___________? ◦ Do secondary education grades & choice of subject cluster predict academic success in the first year? What is the difference between _________ and _______ with regard to ____________? 6
5/20/2014 What is the difference between _________ and _______ with regard to ____________? ◦ What is the difference between first-generation students and traditional (continuing-generation) college students with regard to their understanding of faculty expectations? (Collier & Morgan, 2004) A research question is a clear, clear, focuse focused, concise, comp conci complex x and and ar arguable le question around which you center your research. You should ask a question [or questions] about an issue that you are genuinely curious about. Source: http://writingcenter.gmu.edu/how-to-write-a-research-question/ 7
5/20/2014 What is the educational issue you’d like to explore in a research project? What’s the difference? 8
5/20/2014 Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Research Questions/Hypotheses Theoretical Framework Literature Review Method Results Discussion and Implications A problem statement defines the research problem and identifies potential causes or solutions. It also introduces the importance of the problem and the population that is affected. Reflect and write – (pg. 6) The purpose statement defines the parameters of a study. Researchers use this statement to frame their research questions which will be answered through evidence (data). Reflect and write under statement of the problem… 9
5/20/2014 The theoretical framework defines the parameters of a study. Researchers use this framework to ground their questions and build on existing knowledge. Reflect and write . . . A process and synthesis of current relevant research literature regarding a particular topic or subject of interest. The researcher reads, evaluates, compares, draws conclusions, identifies limitations and gaps. ◦ Previous research on this or related topics ◦ Trends motivating interest in the topic ◦ Theoretical frameworks ◦ Affected populations ◦ Methods and techniques ◦ Research materials Reflect and write . . . 10
5/20/2014 States the topic as a question which the researcher sets out to answer Important elements: ◦ Can I answer this question with data I am collecting/analyzing? ◦ Is the question too broad, too narrow? ◦ Question or hypothesis statement? The whom or what you will study in order to collect your data-define target population. Identify who is available and how you will study them. Determine how you will select a sample and successfully recruit participants. What data are already available? Data collection tools used in the study. Describe the measure (what is it) and give examples of items or questions. Provide psychometric properties. 11
5/20/2014 Description of how data are to be collected using the measures you just described. How, when and where will data be collected? Employ techniques involving statistical programs or qualitative analyses Provide confidence to the reader that you know what you are doing. Equations or description of process of theme generation Presentation of the data ◦ Statistics and tables for quantitative data ◦ Description of major themes and supporting evidence; usually quotes or synthesis of field notes 12
5/20/2014 Brief summary of findings in light of literature review Implicat ications ions for a advisi sing p ng practi tice ce (the biggie!) (the biggie!) Discuss Limitations Present ideas for future research Remember that anytime you’re conducting research on HUMANS you need approval from the Ethic Ethics Commi Committee on your campus It is about protecting participants from harm and minimizing risk: ◦ Physical (injury, illness, or death) ◦ Psychological (emotional distress or anxiety) ◦ Social (financial standing, employability, reputation, criminal or civil liability) 13
5/20/2014 Knowledge claims to enhance practice Demonstration of impact on students and institutions Advising is field with an important vantage point to examine higher education Illuminate educational complexities that others care about, too Erlich & Russ-Eft (2013) Pizzalato (2006) Some tips: 1) Decide on initial search terms 2) Choose a database to get started 3) Enter your first search term 4) Look at keywords and suggested terms (add to your list if needed) 5) Stick to “peer-reviewed” articles in scholarly journals 6) Examine titles and abstracts for relevance 7) Scan relevant articles 8) Keep track of your search strategies and articles 14
5/20/2014 WELCOME BACK! Share refined research questions Developing your research plan Writing time 15
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5/20/2014 Designed to describe and measure the behavior of participants as it occurs in everyday life. ◦ We can look at these behaviors and turn them into measured variables OR documentable trends . Advantage: T he observer can see firsthand the interaction between advisee and themselves. When conducting observations of advising interactions, the advisor must decide whether or not to let the advisee know that s/he is being observed beyond the natural advising meeting. ◦ Acknowle ledged dged P Partic icipa ipant: Advisee knows s/he is being observed. The largest problem is rea reacti tivity, which occurs when the advisee changes the way s/he would normally behave. Systematic observation involves specifying ahead of time exactly which components of the advising meeting are being observed/recorded. ◦ Decide what events are of interest in order to choose what to observe. ◦ Stay focused on specific behaviors while filtering out unimportant data (outside your research questions). ◦ But be willing to “see” what you never expected to see. 17
5/20/2014 Even Event Samp Sampli ling: focusing in on specific behaviors for all advisees over a given period of time Individual S vidual Sampling ling: randomly select one or more advisee for a particular reason and focus for the observational time period Anec Anecdotal Obse Observ rvation: The advisor freely writes what he or she recalls during the advising meeting. ◦ Advantages and disadvantages? Semi-st -structur uctured O d Observ rvation ation: Focus on particular components of the advising meeting (opening, middle, or end). ◦ Advantages and disadvantages? Ti Time-T me-Topic opic S Sampling mpling: Recall a specific point in advising meeting (only the introduction; only the closing; only discussions of changing major) ◦ Advantages and disadvantages? Behavior Ca havior Categories tegories: Describe what behaviors occurred and when they occurred Event nt Fre Frequen uencies ies: The number of times a particular event takes place Eve Event Du Durati tion: The amount of time an event takes place 18
5/20/2014 Advisors are invested in their observations. ◦ People pay more attention to dramatic events and less attention to “everyday events.” ◦ The information that people attend to is strongly influenced by their past experiences. ◦ The act of observing influences/changes the situation (a.k.a. Reactivity). Now, given YOUR research topic, what could you OBSERVE? 19
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