DELEVLOPING & EXECUTING A PLAN FOR DETERMINING THE VI VIAB ABILI ILITY OF A WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT IWMSA Presenter: N. MANNIE 25 NOVEMBER 2015
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION Looks at the complete package of assessing the viability of establishing a WtE plant 1. Terms 2. Structured approach 3. Waste hierarchy 4. Influencing factors 5. Volumes and composition 6. Project structure 7. Considerations 8. Waste composition 9. Waste generation growth 10. WCS 11. Site assessment 12. WFM 13. AWTT options 14. LCA 15. Market assessment 16. Return on investment 17. Risks
TERMS WtE Waste-to to-Ene Energy 1 ton waste 500-600kWh Heating 1000kWh/ton kWh is a measure of energy, whilst kW is a measure of power... 1kwh 3,6MJ 1kwh 1kg coal
STRUCT RUCTURED URED APPR PROACH CH TO ALTERNATIVE WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY (AWTT) FEA EASIB SIBILIT ILITY Y STUD UDY Y WCS Land site Technology review Waste flow model Market study • Seasonal sampling assessment Technology Life cycle Financial options appraisal Legal assessment Procurement assessment modelling • Technology choice
WASTE E HIERARCHY 1 The reduction of waste is the most vital point in the waste hierarchy. Prevention Reduction usually results in the least environmental and economic life cycle costs. It requires no collecting or processing of materials. The re-use of waste is the next option. Re-using waste often requires 2 Reuse collection but relatively little or no processing. It involves sorting, cleaning, repairing, and/or refurbishing items or spare parts. Recycling involves sorting and processing the recyclable products into 3 Recycle raw material and then remanufacturing the recycled raw materials into new products. The recovery of waste is separated into two parts: the recovery of 4 Recovery materials, and the recovery of energy . Whichever of the two options is better for the environment and human health is the preferred option. The last resort is disposal and is only considered once all other 5 Disposal possibilities have been explored. Disposal is any operation that involves the dumping and treatment of waste without energy recovery.
INFLU IN LUENCING ENCING FACT CTORS ORS RELATED TO WASTE-TO TO-ENER ENERGY GY DEMAND ND STATU TUS QUO • State of waste management in the • Introducing an Alternative city/ industry Process/ Renewab ables es • Challen enges ges: airspace issues, • Reducing imp mpact act - Global, community uproar environment, social and economic • GAP analysis • Address a current nt and future ure crisis • Poor planning • Move away from traditional Urbanization • approaches aches eg. Landfilling • Change in economic levels • Address compliance requir quiremen ements ts NEED NEED Zero waste? • • Reduce carbon footprint/ • Energy for residential/commercial emiss ssion ions s use • There is constant supply • Reduce uce use of fossil fuels (feedst edstock) ock) of waste and is reliable Divers ersion on of waste from landfill •
VOL OLUM UMES ES AND COM OMPOSIT OSITION ION • Comprehensive waste data is required • Provide information on qua quant ntity ty of Volume umes • material available and type of treatment, • Composition position for example: processing tyres for refuse se • The study will form the basis for derived ed fuel (RDF) DF) analyzing technologies viable to treat • Food waste e (organics) for gas production the identified priority ty waste e stream ams. s. • Good understanding of priority ty waste
PROJECT OJECT STRUCT RUCTURE URE Objecti ctive ve: Important factors for a Waste-to-Energy Project Financial advisory & Review & update Socio-economic Conducted detailed site Advisory for strengthening financial technical info assessment assessment procurement model • Status Quo • Value for money • Waste sampling • Consider alternative • Review & update waste treatment procurement plan • Technology capacity • Develop & construct • Waste technologies PSC model characterization • RFQ documents • Cost benchmarks • Undertake conceptual • Understand risk on • Analysis & obtain • Compile all designs for each site model calorific values documents • Review legislation • Consult & comply to • Waste Flow Model • Treasury views & legal & statutory • Conduct legal due recommendations • Study on life cycle requirements diligence assessment of waste • Evaluate & pre-qualify • Assist on all financial bidders matters • Waste characterization & calorific value
CON ONSI SIDERA DERATIONS TIONS • Population growth rate / establish future trends • Socio-economic groups • Accuracy and relevant data collected and analyses • Diversion as priority • Impacts and effects: • Establishment of new landfill site • Establishment of alternate treatment technologies • Recycling ycling • Comp mpost ostin ing • Treatm tmen ent • Successful implementation separation at source • Private waste collection • Effect of AWT on landfill life expectancies - recalculate life expectancies, predict and measure various scenarios • Alternate waste treatment technology - assess financial sustainability • Innovation • Logistics • Costs to transport and dispose waste • Use of old landfill sites for alternate treatment facilities
WASTE COM OMPOSI OSITION TION EXAMPLES Tyres Plastics Glass ss Pa Paper E-waste Garde den Food Wood od Met etals Hazardous dous Healthcare
WASTE CHARACTERISATION STUD UDY • Large Objects/Bulk Waste – building, etc. Household hold Waste (HHD) • Yard Waste – garden waste, etc. • Daily Collected Waste • Light Waste (Similar to HHW) Commercial ial Waste e / • Food Waste (From markets etc.) Instit itut utional ional • Packaging Waste • Light Waste (Similar to HHW) Agric icul ultur ural al Waste • Organic Waste Municipal Solid Waste Light Waste (Similar to HHW) • Hotel l and Restau aurant ant Waste Food Waste • • Light Waste (Similar to HHW) Construc uctio ion n and Demolit lition n • Special Waste (From customs etc.) Waste • Cargo Spills • Street Sweeping Street Waste and Munic icip ipal al • Park Waste Cleanin aning g Waste • Gully and drainage cleaning • Manholes and fat-trap silt waste Medical l Waste • Waste • Light Waste (Similar to HHW) Specific Indus ustria ial l Waste • Heavy Bulky Waste Solid Waste • Light Waste (Similar to HHW) Ship, Harbour our and Airport • Special Waste (From customs etc.) Waste • Cargo Spills
SI SITE ASSESSMENT APPR PROACH Socio - Topographic and Geological Spatial Dev. Plan Environmental demographic related nput t a Inp Data Geo-database Study Area eas ion of Areas Suitable Area Wind Direction le able itab Ove verla rlay Constraint Maps unsuit lusion Distance from City Exclus Water Body Land Cover/Use on on Slope <12% Ove verla rlay tion ed sites Suitable Sites eciati eria of apprec elected Geological Ove verla rlay Size of Suitable preselect Proposed sites Criteria Appropriate Site Road Network Ove verla rlay
RIS ISKS KS Descri ripti ption on Risk Of the existing landfill sites the options of Marie Louise and Robinson Deep seem most appropriate 1. Land Ownership Council Owned Land 2. Land Fit for purpose Zoned for waste disposal 3. Logistics for building and Flat adequate space operating plant 4. Logistics for receiving waste No change to current collection routes – minimise haulage 5. Residual Waste available 500,000 tpa total 6. Off-Take: Heat • Distance of transporting heat could prove to be expensive if market Off – take: Electricity not in reasonable distance (Market Assessment) Off – take: RDF for Cement • Both existing landfills are ideally placed for feeding the energy off – industry take into the City Power grid • None of the sites assessed are positioned suitably to transfer the RDF to the sidings to cement kiln, substantial investment in infrastructure, land and transport will be required 13
WASTE FLOW MO MODE DEL • A waste flow model can be used to make infor ormed med decisi isions ons about future ure waste e strategies egies and/or required infrastructure • It plays a pivotal role in feasibility studies around waste treatme tment nt infrastructure astructure • It provides a comprehensive snapshot of curr rrent nt waste e arisings, through collection and onto recycling / recovery and disposal • It then builds up projections ections of future waste arisings, including the effects of changes in composition • Waste flow modelling can help to investigate the best st option on for dealing with waste
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