Yeasts associated with Drosophila in vineyard ecosystems Kate Howell
Wine yeasts produce volatile compounds important for wine quality Grape juice/ must containing 200-300 g/L glucose + fructose Hanseniaspora S. cerevisiae Pichia spp. Candida spp. Torulaspora spp. spp. Ethanol + Ethanol ? Ethanol ++ Ethanol ++ Ethanol +++ CO 2 + CO 2 ? CO 2 CO 2 + CO 2 +++ Glycerol + Thiols +++ Succinic acid + Glycerol +++ Glycerol ++ Acetaldehyde + Acetic acid + Ethyl acetate +++
Drosophila flies choose a habitat based on volatiles • Yeast metabolism – esters – higher alcohols – CO 2 – ethanol • Yeasts are food • but, yeasts are vectored Pham & Ray 2015 Scientific Reports
1. Do Drosophila species differ in different parts of the vineyard and winery? 2. Are Drosophila associated with yeasts, and are these species different in the vineyard and winery? 3. Are there any special relationships between wine environment Drosophila and yeasts?
Drosophila species are differentially distributed in the vineyard ecosystem Mount Langi n=214 1,22% 6,10% S. lativittata Transform: Log(X+1) Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity location 2D Stress: 0.05 Vineyard D.melanogaster Winery Marc and D.simulans 2 1 D.hydei 10 9 92,68% 8 7 Yering Station n=82 0,47% 2,34% 4 11 12 5 6 3 97,20%
And these Drosophila carry different yeasts Mt. Langi Ghiran Transform: Log(X+1) 5,71% Resemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity 8,57% location 2D Stress: 0.11 12 Vineyard H.uvarum Winery Marc 22,86% 8 9 H.valbyensis 1 M.pulcherrima 7 6 4 5 P. membranifaciencs 11 2 62,86% 3 Yering Station 10 9,87% 0,30% n=82 2,96% H.uvarum 35,54% H.valbyensis 24,68% M.pulcherrima P. membranifaciencs T.delbrueckii L. thermotolerans n=214 26,65%
And now to France… • NGS profiling of yeast communities on wild populations of Drosophila • Languedoc-Roussillon vineyards sampling • Attractiveness of yeast aromas to wild flies • Do Drosophila play a part in the ecology, persistence and evolution of yeasts?
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