Pre-Plant Vineyard Fertilization Not exact science Few if any - PDF document

9/11/2009 Pre-Plant Vineyard Fertilization • Not exact science • Few if any studies done Pre-Planting Vineyard • Soils vary a lot Fertilization • Goal is to realize that you need to look at fertilization before planting and get the vineyard to a point that it is b f l ti d t th i d t i t th t it i not ‘behind’ already when planted Randall Vos • Hope for better information in the future Des Moines Area Community College • Once have experience planting a vineyard in your site rjvos@dmacc.edu adapt fertilization plan to your individual site and cultivars (515)-965-7310 • Different sources will give different amounts of information Vineyard Fallacies Nutrients • Only good fruit is produced on vines that Macronutrients Micronutrients are struggling to survive Nitrogen (N) Manganese (Mn) • Grapevines grow best in poor soil Phosphorous (P) Iron (Fe) • Grapevines to not need to be fertilized G i t t d t b f tili d Potassium (K) Boron (B) Calcium (Ca) Zinc (Zn) Magnesium (Mg) Copper (Cu) Sulfur (S) Molybdenum (Mo) Impact of Soil pH on Nutrient Pre-Plant Nutrients Availability • P and K fertilizers do not readily move through the soil profile – Applied pre-planting – Can be incorporated • Nitrogen is very mobile in soil and so is not g y applied pre-plant unless it is for the ground cover • Micronutrients are only required in small amounts and so if a soil is low we often look at foliar applications • Apply and incorporate lime and sulfur materials do not move quickly through the soil profile 1

9/11/2009 Fertilizer Labels Fertilization 20 - 10 - 20 • P & K are in many different forms in the soil and not all are plant available %N - % phosphate - % potash • Soil tests look at plant available forms • If you apply 20 lbs of K, will your soil test later show that your soil increased the plant available K by 20 lbs? your soil increased the plant available K by 20 lbs? • No, it gets converted into different forms, the ratio that remains plant available depends on the soil type and fertility • That’s why this is not exact science • Main point is that grapes need P & K in the soil Midwest Grape Production Guide Fertilizing Fruit Crops Some regions in the Midwest have high soil magnesium levels and may Eric Hanson, Michigan State University, MSUE Bulletin E-852 require higher levels of potassium to compensate One method is if soil Mg levels are higher than 600 lbs per acre, to apply Table 1. Preplant P recommendations for apples, enough K to equal 50% of that, though not sure if the best approach pears, stone fruits, grapes, strawberries and raspberries. Soil test level Recommendation (ppm P) 1 (lb P 2 O 5 /acre) 10 90 20 70 30 40 40 20 50 0 1 To convert to lb/acre, 6.7 inch depth, multiply by 2. http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/e-852.htm Fertilizing Fruit Crops Soil Test Example: Macronutrients Eric Hanson, Michigan State University, MSUE Bulletin E-852 Parts per Million (ppm) Table 2. Pre-Plant K recommendations for various Sample Water pH Buffer pH Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium % Organic fruit crops. (P) (K) (Ca) (Mg) Matter (OM) Recommendation (lb K 2 O/acre) 1 6.1 6.7 30 80 2024 125 3.25 Stone 2 7.2 7.3 12 120 1845 350 4 Soil test fruits, (ppm K) 1 grapes, Apples, pp Strawberrie raspberries raspberries pears s Lbs per acre= ppm X 2 15 170 220 200 Sample Water pH Buffer pH Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium % Organic 25 150 200 170 (P) (K) (Ca) (Mg) Matter (OM) 50 100 150 120 1 6.1 6.7 60 160 4048 250 3.25 75 50 100 70 100 0 50 20 125 0 0 0 2 7.2 7.3 24 240 3690 700 4 1 To convert to lb/acre, 6.7 inch depth, multiply by 2. http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/e-852.htm 2

9/11/2009 SOIL 1 Fertilizing Fruit Crops Lbs per acre= ppm X 2 Sample Water pH Buffer pH Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium % Organic Eric Hanson, Michigan State University, MSUE Bulletin E-852 (P) (K) (Ca) (Mg) Matter (OM) Table 2. Pre-Plant K recommendations for various 1 6.1 6.7 60 160 4048 250 3.25 fruit crops. Recommendation (lb K 2 O/acre) Soil pH is good Stone P is good Soil test fruits, (ppm K) 1 grapes, Apples Apples, raspberries Strawberrie Strawberrie K is low K is low pears s All else looks pretty good 15 170 220 200 25 150 200 170 50 100 150 120 75 50 100 70 100 0 50 20 So we need to apply K, if the ideal is 250-300lbs/acre 125 0 0 0 and we only have 160 lbs/acre 1 To convert to lb/acre, 6.7 inch depth, multiply by 2. http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/e-852.htm SOIL 1 SOIL 2 Lbs per acre= ppm X 2 Sample Water pH Buffer pH Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium % Organic Two common K fertilizers are 0-0-50 and 0-0-60, the third number (P) (K) (Ca) (Mg) Matter representing the potash. This means that these fertilizers are 50% and 60% (OM) potash, respectively. Since we want to apply 100 lbs of potash we need to 2 7.2 7.3 24 240 3690 700 4 do the following to determine fertilizer rates depending on the product we use: 100/0.5 =200 lbs of 0-0-50 Soil pH is high or P is low 100/0.6 =~170 lbs of 0-0-60 100/0 6 = 170 lbs of 0 0 60 K is low K is low Note that this does not mean the soil test taken after applying the fertilizer Mg is high will show that we have added that exact amount. Applied fertilizer takes many forms on the soil that are not available to plants. Keep in mind these are merely guidelines. That give merit to pre-plant K applications. Once we are producing fruit, petiole samples are the true indicator of plant nutrient needs. Fertilizing Fruit Crops Fertilizing Fruit Crops Eric Hanson, Michigan State University, MSUE Bulletin E-852 Eric Hanson, Michigan State University, MSUE Bulletin E-852 Table 2. Pre-Plant K recommendations for various fruit crops. Table 1. Preplant P recommendations for apples, Recommendation (lb K 2 O/acre) pears, stone fruits, grapes, strawberries and raspberries. Stone Soil test level Recommendation Soil test fruits, (ppm P) 1 (lb P 2 O 5 /acre) (ppm K) 1 grapes, Apples, Apples raspberries Strawberrie Strawberrie 10 90 pears s 20 70 15 170 220 200 30 40 25 150 200 170 40 20 50 100 150 120 50 0 75 50 100 70 100 0 50 20 125 0 0 0 1 To convert to lb/acre, 6.7 inch depth, multiply by 2. 1 To convert to lb/acre, 6.7 inch depth, multiply by 2. http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/e-852.htm http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/e-852.htm 3

9/11/2009 SOIL 2 Phosphorus fertilizer is measured as P2O5 (phosphate) and that is the Pre Plant Fertilization second number in the label. If we have close to 10 ppm the MSU info indicates we should apply about 90 lbs of phosphate. Common P containing fertilizers are 0-46-0, 18-46-0, and 11-42-0, the later 2 • Not exact science containing nitrogen as well. To calculate the amount of fertilizer required to applied 60 lbs of phosphate go through the following calculations: • If low in P and K it is advisable to add some to aide in establishment 90/0.46 = ~195 lbs of 0-46-0 or 18-46-0 90/0 48 = 90/0.48 = ~185 lbs of 11-48-0 185 lbs of 11 48 0 • Incorporation into rooting zone is important I ti i t ti i i t t According the MSU info we should be applying around 50 lbs of potash. • Applications in mature vineyard based on However our high Mg may indicate needing more than that. So I am going to double that to 100 lbs, so depending on our fertilizer we apply: actual P & K uptake. 100/0.5 =200 lbs of 0-0-50 • Adjusting pH has a large impact on or micronutrient availability 100/0.6 =~170 lbs of 0-0-60 4