Water- -related related Ecosystems Ecosystems Water Conservation in in Armenia Armenia Conservation and and Perspectives for for Perspectives Transboundary Transboundary Conservation Conservation Karen�Jenderedjian Jenderedjian Karen�
Content Content � Forests�and�Forests�Values Forests�and�Forests�Values � � Conflicts�and�Threats�to�Forests Conflicts�and�Threats�to�Forests � � Wetlands�and�Wetlands�Values� Wetlands�and�Wetlands�Values� � � Conflicts�and�Threats�to�Wetlands Conflicts�and�Threats�to�Wetlands � � Environmental�Legislation Environmental�Legislation � � International�Cooperation� International�Cooperation� �
Diversity�of�Forests�in� Diversity�of�Forests�in� Armenia Armenia � 334,100�ha�or�11.2%of�the�total�territory 334,100�ha�or�11.2%of�the�total�territory � 120,000�ha�oak�� 120,000�ha�oak�� 96,600�ha�beech�� 96,600�ha�beech�� 55,100�ha�hornbeam 55,100�ha�hornbeam 17,700�ha�pine 17,700�ha�pine 44,700�ha�other 44,700�ha�other
Timber Timber � 41,74�million�m 41,74�million�m 3� 3� timber�reserve timber�reserve � � Average�density�0.53 Average�density�0.53 � � Average�quality�indicator�3.8 Average�quality�indicator�3.8 �
Conflicts�and�Threats� Conflicts�and�Threats� to�Forests to�Forests • Over Over- -exploitation exploitation • and factor of and factor of disturbance disturbance • Deforestation Deforestation •
Diversity�of�Wetlands� in�Armenia Inland�Wetlands Human3made�wetlands � ������ �������� �������� � ����� � ����� � !�������� ���� � ������ ����� � ��������� ������� ���� � ������� � "���� ������� ����� � ��������� � #$��������� � ���������� ������� � "��������� ��������� ����� � ���������� �������� � %���������������������������&� ������� � ������������ � ���� �����
Plants�biodiversity�of� Armenia Number of Number of Number of Number of recorded species wetland species recorded species wetland species Algae Algae 388 245 388 245 Fungi Fungi 4166 ca. 200 4166 ca. 200 Lichens Lichens 300 ? 300 ? Moss Moss 430 135 430 135 Vascular plants Vascular plants 3555 622 3555 622
Animals�biodiversity�of�Armenia biodiversity�of�Armenia Animals� Number of Number of Number of Number of recorded species wetland species recorded species wetland species Invertebrates ca. 17,000 ca 1,000 Invertebrates ca. 17,000 ca 1,000 Fishes 36 36 Fishes 36 36 Amphibians 8 8 Amphibians 8 8 Reptiles 53 4 Reptiles 53 4 Birds 349 135 Birds 349 135 Mammals 83 7 Mammals 83 7
Wetlands�Values�and� Wetlands�Values�and� Poverty�Alleviation Poverty�Alleviation • Products of abiocen origin: Water fresh & mineral sand, gravel Peat
Wetlands�Values�and� Wetlands�Values�and� Poverty�Alleviation Poverty�Alleviation • Plant products Plant products • Hay Hay Food Food Medicine Medicine Bouquets Bouquets
Wetlands�Values�and� Wetlands�Values�and� Poverty�Alleviation Poverty�Alleviation • Animal products Fish Crayfish Frog Game Pets
Wetlands�Values�and� Wetlands�Values�and� Poverty�Alleviation Poverty�Alleviation • Socio-economical functions: Water for irrigation and electric power Sspace for grazing and watering, fish-farming
Conflicts�and�Threats� Conflicts�and�Threats� to�Wetlands to�Wetlands • Water loss Water loss and and • water balance water balance disturbance disturbance • Soil deterioration Soil deterioration, , • erosion and and erosion sedimentation sedimentation
Conflicts�and�Threats� Conflicts�and�Threats� to�Wetlands to�Wetlands • Mudflows Mudflows and and • waterlogging waterlogging • Pollution Pollution •
Conflicts�and�Threats� Conflicts�and�Threats� to�Forests to�Forests • Over Over- -exploitation exploitation • and factor of and factor of disturbance disturbance • Deforestation Deforestation •
Environmental�Legislation Environmental�Legislation � 1991�Law�on�Principles�of�Environmental�Protection 1991�Law�on�Principles�of�Environmental�Protection � 199 1 199 1 Law�on�Especially�Protected�Natural�Areas� Law�on�Especially�Protected�Natural�Areas� • • � 1991�The�Land�Code 1991�The�Land�Code � � 1994�Law�on�Protection�the�Atmosphere�and�Air�Quality 1994�Law�on�Protection�the�Atmosphere�and�Air�Quality � � 1994�The�Forest�Code 1994�The�Forest�Code � � 1995�Law�on�Environmental�Impact�Assessment 1995�Law�on�Environmental�Impact�Assessment � � 1998�Law�on�Payments�for�Nature�Protection�and�Use�of� 1998�Law�on�Payments�for�Nature�Protection�and�Use�of� � Natural�Resources Natural�Resources � 2000�Law�on�Flora 2000�Law�on�Flora � 2000�Law�on�Fauna 2000�Law�on�Fauna � 2001�Law�on�Lake�Sevan� 2001�Law�on�Lake�Sevan� � � 2002�Law�on�Lake�Sevan�Annual�Action� 2002�Law�on�Lake�Sevan�Annual�Action�Programme Programme � � 2002�(1992)�The�Water�Code 2002�(1992)�The�Water�Code �
1991�Law�on�Principles�of� 1991�Law�on�Principles�of� Environmental�Protection Environmental�Protection � Specifies�principles�of�environmental� Specifies�principles�of�environmental� � policy�of�the�State policy�of�the�State � Establishes�legal�basis�for� Establishes�legal�basis�for� � development�of�environmental� development�of�environmental� legislation legislation
1991�Law�on�Especially� 1991�Law�on�Especially� Protected�Natural�Areas Protected�Natural�Areas � Conservation�of�reference�sites�and� Conservation�of�reference�sites�and� � ecosystems� ecosystems� � Protection�of�natural�monuments Protection�of�natural�monuments � � Protection�of�biodiversity Protection�of�biodiversity � � Scientific�research�of�nature Scientific�research�of�nature � � Monitoring�of�environment Monitoring�of�environment � � Categories�of�protected�areas Categories�of�protected�areas �
1991�The�Land�Code 1991�The�Land�Code � Specifies�principles�of�land�use�policy� Specifies�principles�of�land�use�policy� � of�the�State of�the�State � Establishes�scope�and�framework�for� Establishes�scope�and�framework�for� � regulation�of�land�use�policy�and� regulation�of�land�use�policy�and� relationships�between�different� relationships�between�different� stakeholders stakeholders
1994�The�Forest�Code 1994�The�Forest�Code • Conservation, reproduction and Conservation, reproduction and • sustainable use of water protective, soil sustainable use of water protective, soil protective, climate mitigating, health, protective, climate mitigating, health, recreational and other values of forests recreational and other values of forests
1998�Law�on�Payments�for� 1998�Law�on�Payments�for� Nature�Protection�and�Use�of� Nature�Protection�and�Use�of� Natural�Resources Natural�Resources � payments for nature protection payments for nature protection � � payments for use of payments for use of bioresources bioresources � � scope of payers scope of payers � � forms of payments forms of payments � � amenability against violations amenability against violations �
2000�Law�on�Flora 2000�Law�on�Flora Secure� Secure� � conservation�of�qualitative�and�quantitative� conservation�of�qualitative�and�quantitative� � values�of�flora,�plant�habitats�and�genetical genetical values�of�flora,�plant�habitats�and� diversity diversity � sustainable�use�of�plant�resources sustainable�use�of�plant�resources � � regulation�of�plant�resource�use� regulation�of�plant�resource�use� � Regulate Regulate � rights�and�responsibilities�of�plant�resource� rights�and�responsibilities�of�plant�resource� � users users
Recommend
More recommend