Strategies for Developing Banana Planting Materials free from - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Western DR Congo report: Strategies for Developing Banana Planting Materials free from Bunchy Top Virus infection in Bas-Congo Patrick MOBAMBO (University of Kinshasa) and Bioversity representative with UNIKIN Team and Germaine VANGU (INERA-Mvuazi station) with INERA Team

INTRODUCTION

Major Production Constraints • Diseases: especially BBTD as it causes 100% losses • Lack of clean planting materials • Also, civil and military unrest in DRC (1996-2003) has reinforced this situation • There are also the following:

Roads

Transport

Lack of organized banana markets

BBTV occurrence, incidence and distribution • BBTD was observed in DRC for the first time at Yangambi in 1958 • Since then there was no real study on BBTV • In 2006, a diagnostic survey was carried out by INERA scientists with the CFC/INIBAP funds in three districts to identify and determine the impact of the disease in the province of Bas-Congo

BBTV PILOT PROJECT History • TRAVEL REPORT – Congo and Ghana: 9 – 22 June 2007 1. Submitted by : Charles Staver 2. Country visited : Kinshasa/ M’vuazi , DR Congo; Accra, Ghana; Amsterdam, Netherlands 3. Co-travelers : Nicolas Roux (a) Locations and institutions visited : Kinshasa – Ministry of Agriculture, SECID office US AID; M’vuazi – INERA research station, Masende village with BBTV; Accra – workshop with CRI and IITA

• In 2007, one village was visited by Bioversity scientists who found a very horrible situation • BBTV has destroyed completely plantations and exposed the populations to poverty and to change their diet

Actions taken to combat the disease • The more significant action was a Bioversity project called « A BBTD Pilot Zone Project in Bas-Congo Province » • Funding from Bioversity through the ‘USAID Bridge Funds’ • Surveys conducted Prof. DEDHA in Kisangani, Maniema, Equator

Objectives: • Farmer awareness raising on BBTD (vector, pathogen, spread, disease-free planting material, etc.) ; • Farmer acceptance and implementation of good BBTD cultural practices across the Bas-Congo province; • Development of clean seed systems to reduce the spread and impact of banana bunchy top virus; • Multiplication of highly productive clones of preferred cultivars.

Activities 1. Training on ELISA Analysis in the laboratory; 2. Identify zones which are still relatively virus free; 3. Extract suckers from plants without visual symptoms; 4. Select only suckers negative based on TAS- ELISA; 5. Multiply suckers through macropropagation techniques; 6. Plant plantlets in a field where all banana plants have been destroyed by BBTV previously.

Table 1. TAS-ELISA results of collected leaf samples of mother plants from TUBA (Bas-Fleuve) and Mvuazi (Cataracts) villages Si Site of of N ° Cult Cu ltiv ivars Gpe genomic mic coll llection ion Symptoms Sym ms Result sults Bitika 20 mayombe AAA Mvuazi Negative Negative 21 Mposa ABBB Mvuazi Negative Positive 22 Tiba AAA Mvuazi Negative Negative 23 Nsikumuna AAB Mvuazi Negative Negative 24 Bubi géant AAB Mvuazi Positive Positive 25 Kimbuambua AAB Mvuazi Negative Negative Epanza 2 26 mains AAB Mvuazi Negative Negative km 5 27 yangambi AAB Mvuazi Negative Negative Epanza 3 28 mains AAB Mvuazi Negative Negative Bitika 29 bimenta AAA Mvuazi Negative Negative 30 Muasi zoba AAA Mvuazi Negative Negative 31 CRBP 39 AAB Mvuazi Negative Negative 32 SH 3640 AAAA Mvuazi Negative Negative 33 FHIA 18 AAAB Mvuazi Negative Negative 34 Bitika AAB Mvuazi Negative Positive 35 FHIA 25 AABB Mvuazi Negative Negative 36 Nseluka AAB Mvuazi Negative Negative 37 Dessert roux AAA Mvuazi Negative Positive

• Results show that 8% of suckers extracted from BBTD asymptomatic mats were tested as BBTV-positive using TAS-ELISA • Only suckers which leaf-samples showed negative responses were selected for the macropropagation step

• The 2 nd ELISA test was done on young macropropagated plants

Table 2. TAS-ELISA results of collected leaf samples of clean macropropagated plants Number Number Cult ultiv ivar ars Gpe genomic Gpe genomic Result esults 1 Diyimba AAB Negative 2 Nseluka AAB negative 3 Mukama AAB Negative 4 Gros Michel AAA Negative 5 Mfuba Ndong AAB Negative 6 Kinsongo AAB Negative 7 Bubi géant AAB Negative 8 Nsikumuna AAB Negative 9 Epanza 2 mains AAB Negative 10 Epanza 3 mains AAB Negative 11 Muasi zoba AAA Negative 12 SH 3640 AAAA Negative 13 Mafuta AAA Negative 14 Walungu 16 AAB Negative 15 Nsakala Ndomb AAB negative

• Results show that 100% of plantlets produced via macropropagation were tested as BBTV-free using TAS-ELISA • Macropropagated plants were established in isolated plots in MASENDE with no visual symptoms of reinfection two years after planting • Suckers from this plot were transplanted in the village where all bananas were destroyed by BBTV

July 2007

Dec 2010

Nov 2012

Evaluation of reinfection rate from plants in Masende • Collect leaf samples from suckers in Masende plot • Carry out ELISA analysis in INERA Mvuazi station • Multiply Suckers extracted which tested negative

Table 3. TAS-ELISA results on reinfection rate of BBTV on collected leaf samples of plantain suckers in Masende Number Variety Genomic group Results 1 Diyimba AAB Negative 2 Nseluka AAB negative 3 Mukama AAB Negative 4 Gros Michel AAA Negative 5 Mfuba Ndong AAB Negative 6 Kinsongo AAB Negative 7 Bubi géant AAB Negative 8 Nsikumuna AAB Negative 9 Epanza 2 mains AAB Negative 10 Epanza 3 mains AAB Negative 11 Muasi zoba AAA Negative 12 SH 3640 AAAA Negative 13 Mafuta AAA Negative 14 Walungu 16 AAB Negative 15 Nsakala Ndombe AAB negative

Therefore, there was no re-infection rate of BBTV in Masende village after 2.5 years of planting. This can be seen visually on plantain matts here below.

Results show that • The Bas-Fleuve District in Bas-Congo has been identified as a main source of potentially BBTV-free Musa planting materials and should ideally be used in conjunction with a serological assay such as TAS-ELISA to insure that suckers collected in the field are free from BBTV. • The proposed local seed system model shows promise for recovery of BBTV-infested zones, with investment in virus detection and training, as a key component.

On-going and future research efforts (2 nd Funding) • Change cropping systems or introduction new cultural practices: intercropping and alley cropping systems; • Raise awareness campaign among farmers; • BBTV control passes by production and distribution of clean planting materials. • Participative experimentations with farmers

Agroforestry system with plantain for improving production without BBTV in the UNIKIN’s research station in Kinshasa • Establish the nursery for tree-seeds is established • Transplant tree-seedlings in the field

Complete macropropagation techniques of plantain suckers

Effect of Substratum on Macropropagation

This work is still on-going

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