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Vehicle in the Loop Test M ethodology for Tractor Efficiency Optimization Claudia Pieke Test Engineer / PVV Mannheim Waldemar Stark Test Engineer / PVV Mannheim Apply & Innovate 2016 IPG Technology Conference Karlsruhe,

  1. “Vehicle in the Loop” Test M ethodology for Tractor Efficiency Optimization Claudia Pieke Test Engineer / PVV Mannheim Waldemar Stark Test Engineer / PVV Mannheim „Apply & Innovate 2016“ IPG Technology Conference Karlsruhe, September 2016

  2. Content • John Deere History • Tractor Overview • DLG PowerMix Test • Test Bed Configuration • Lab PowerMix Test • Test Results • Conclusion 2 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  3. John Deere History 2016: John Deere world’s leading manufacturer of farm equipment. 1837: Blacksmith Shop - Self-Scoring Plow Minneapolis, MN Valley City, ND Fargo, ND Zweibruecken, Germany Edmonton, Alberta Woodstock, Ontario Joensuu, Finland Bruchsal, Germany Langley, British Columbia Welland, Ontario Enschede, Netherlands Klemme, IA Rock Valley, IA Horst, Netherlands Waterloo, IA Des Moines, Gummersbach, Germany Dubuque, IA IA Stadtlohn, Germany Ottumwa, IA Horic Mannheim, Germany on, Davenport, IA Springfield, MO Jiamusi, China WI Moline, IL Coffeyville, KS East Moline, IL Greeneville, TN Tianjin, China Kernersville, NC Fuquay- Varina, NC Augusta, GA Torreon, Mexico Orenburg, Russia Monterrey, Mexico Pune, India Saltillo, Mexico Madrid, Santiago, Chile Spain Richards Bay, South Africa Saran, France Catalao, Brazil Santo Angelo, Brazil Arc-les-Gray, France Horizontina, Brazil Jonn Deere Tokoroa, New Zealand Rosario, Argentina 70 Factories in 18 Countries - 57 000 Employees, Worldwide Agricultural equipment, Commercial & Consumer Equipment, Construction & Forestry and Credit 3 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  4. Agriculture Equipm ent Global Operating Model • 5 Global External Platforms • A platform consists of a portfolio of “like” product lines Crop Turf and Hay and Crop Care Tractors Harvesting Utility Forage Large (8R, 9R) Seeding Combines Utility Vehicles Self-Propelled Mid Tillage Front-End Riding Lawn Forage (6M, 6R, 7R) Equipment Equipment Harvesters Application Cane Commercial Heads Equipment Utility Cotton Mowing Balers (5er Serie) Golf Mowing Loader Walk-Behind Mowers 4 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  5. 6 R Tractor Overview 6210R Model Comfort View Cab Rear Hitch & Rear PTO Power Tech Engine Tires: Cooling System RA: 650 / 85 R38 FA: 600 / 70R28 Front Hitch & Transmissions: Front PTO - Power Shift - Infinity Variable - Dual Clutch 5 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  6. Agricultural Application Areas PTO W ork Transport W ork Front Loader Draw Bar W ork W ork 6 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  7. DLG Pow erMix Test Overview DLG: • Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft (German Agricultural Society) • I ndependent organization with focus on agricultural and food testing Basis of Test: • 13 cycles representing work performed by a tractor • Tractor is loaded dynamically by drawbar, PTO and hydraulics • Allows comparison of fuel consumption between different tractors Cycle Developm ent: • Field measurements carried out by DLG • Supplemented with field data from manufacturers and different universities. 7 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  8. DLG Pow erMix Test Overview Ploughing Cultivating Rotary Harrow (Z1P ,Z2P) (Z1G, Z2G) (Z3K,Z4K, Z5K) Mowing Manure Spreading Baling (Z3M, Z4M,Z5M) (Z6MS) (Z7PR) 8 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  9. DLG Pow erMix Test Overview Dynamic Load Profile (unscaled) - Manure Spreading Test Cycle Total Load Relative Load [ kW/ kW PTO ] PTO Load (based on nominal PTO speed) Drawbar Load (based on nominal speed) Hydraulic Load 9 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  10. DLG Pow erMix Test Overview DLG test track and load truck in Tractor rear end and load truck Groß-Um stadt attachment 400m Oval Concrete Hydraulic Load PTO Load Track (SCV) Unit 10 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  11. Motivation for DLG Pow erMix Replication • Today’s Tractor Developm ent Program s: Early � Clear focus on fuel economy (Market) Understanding of Fuel Econom y � Significant changes in powertrain area (Emissions) • DLG Pow erMix � is a representative test method but … Late Results � … requires fully functional prototype at DLG Gap: Design already frozen, changes are difficult to im plem ent! Solution: Pow erMix Replication Predict DLG PowerMix results early in developm ent program (or even concept selection) with high level of repeatability (identify small differences) 11 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  12. Test Bed Configuration Test Rig I nMotion Truck Maker Fuel Exact 3 D Road Test Control Visualization measurement Consumption Maneuver Speed Test Bed I nterface Road – Tire Contact Steps Torque Pum a Open Request Vehicle Model Driver Model Axle Torque Speed CAN Gas Brake Shift Request 12 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  13. Test Bed Configuration Rear PTO drive Front and Rear Axle drive Hydraulic Load 13 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  14. Vehicle Modeling Vehicle structure: Multi body system (Vehicle Body, Cab • Body, wheels-,… ) Data for the vehicle parametrization • 14 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  15. Road Sim ulation DLG Test Track & Road Profile „Odenw ald“ Test Configuration Road Measurem ent Online Visualization Test Run Video Data Google Earth IPG Movie GPS Data 15 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  16. I m plem ent Model I : DLG Load Car Load Profile PTO Torque, Hydraulics Pow er PT2 Function Draw bar Force PI D Control Brake Torque Unscaled Load Profile 16 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  17. Pow erMix Field 17 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  18. Test Results: Pow erMix Field Cycle Z3 P – Rotary Harrow ( Heavy PTO W ork) : DLG Results (1Hz) : Test Rig Results (50Hz) � Accurate replication of DLG PTO Power [ kW] test results Engine Speed [ pm] Vehicle Speed [ km/ h] 18 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  19. Test Results: Pow erMix Field ( 6 2 1 5 R DD) • Initial results integrated over cycle show less than 1% deviation from DLG test result 19 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 23/ 09/ 2016

  20. I m plem ent Model I I : DLG Trailer 3 Axle Drawbar • Variable Loads • Modular structure Multi-body-system • Brake System • Tires • Hitch • Aerodynamics • Sensors • 20 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  21. Pow er Mix Transport 21 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  22. Test Results: Pow erMix Transport Odenw ald Road : Hill Track # 5 Full load acceleration on hilly road : DLG Results Vehicle Speed [ km/ h] : Test Rig Results Draw Bar Force [ N] Engine Speed [ rpm] 22 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

  23. Test Results: Pow er Mix Transport ( 6 2 1 5 R DD) Delta BSFC (Hill Tracks): ~ 3.0 % 23 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 23/ 09/ 2016

  24. Sum m ary & Conclusion • Vehicle in the Loop test methodology provides powerful tool to replicate DLG PowerMix • The test results are showing good correlation between DLG PowerMix and Mannheim LabPowerMix Test • Several influencing factors (ambient temp, steering, wheel/ road interaction) eliminated or reduced • High level of automation improve repeatability • Applicable at an early prototype stage or even concept selection 24 | IPG / Apply & Innovate 2016 | 21/ 09/ 2016

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