Advancing Climate Adaptation in Minnesota’s Colleges and Universities Utility Master Planning for the 21 st Century Martha M. Larson, CEM Manager of Campus Energy & Sustainability January 31, 2017
Carleton College, Northfield, MN Campus Statistics: • Private undergraduate liberal arts college • Founded in 1866 • Approx. 2000 students • 2,000,000 SF, 40+ buildings • 1,000 acres (800 Arboretum)
Carleton College, Northfield, MN Environmental Statistics: • Campus EUI 100-120 kBTU/SF/yr • Greenhouse gas emissions ~ 22,000 MTCDE/yr • 1.68 MW wind turbine connected to the campus grid • 1.65 MW wind turbine connected to the public grid • 9.8 kW rooftop solar PV plus small solar thermal • Climate Action Plan targets carbon neutrality by 2050
Planning Context
Planning progression: Utility Climate Strategic Facilities Master Plan Action Plan Plan Master Plan 2011 2012 2014 2017
Utility Master Plan Objectives: Support the Facilities Master Plan Advance the Address Aging Climate Action Plant Plan Equipment
2017 Utility Master Plan Planning for the next 100 years
2014 Facilities Master Plan With a focus on replacement and renovation , the 2014 Facilities Master Plan anticipates only 3% net growth in total campus square footage over the next 20-30 years.
2011 Climate Action Plan ACTUAL EMISSIONS
2011 Climate Action Plan Kracum Turbine Scope 3 = indirect emissions (air travel, waste, fertilizers, etc.) Scope 2 = purchased electricity Scope 1 = fuel burned on site
2011 Climate Action Plan What’s the next big idea? 2011 Climate Action Plan: Options Evaluated
Planning Process
Utility Master Plan Project Team Facilities & Finance
Assessment of Existing Conditions LIABILITIES ASSETS
Integration with Other Campus Plans NEW SCIENCE ADDITION -Located at center of campus - Highest energy use intensity buildings
Energy Profile: Existing Steam System Carleton College – 2015 Heating & Cooling Load Profiles High efficiency boiler load Geothermal heating (to heat pump) MBTU/Hr Simultaneous load (heat pump) Steam Boilers Geothermal cooling (to heat pump) Electric Chillers Month
Concept #1: 120 Degree Hot Water BOILER EFFICIENCY CONDENSING NON-CONDENSING HOT WATER RETURN Lower water temperature increases boiler efficiency and allows use of technologies like solar thermal, heat pumps and geothermal well fields.
Concept #2: Geothermal Heat Pumps Connects the heating and cooling cycles so they can balance each other
Concept #3: Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Natural Electricity Gas Heat Creates two outputs (electricity + heat) from a single input (natural gas) Offsets the increase in electricity required to power the geothermal heat pump system.
Concept Phase Evaluation Alternative Base Case vs. Transition to a Keep steam hot water plant plant Option B Option C Option D 100% Geothermal Geothermal sized to Geothermal sized to sized to meet winter meet summer meet simultaneous heating load cooling load heat/cool load Base Option C Option D Case w/ w/ CHP w/ CHP CHP CHP = Combined Heat and Power
Energy Profile: Existing Steam System Carleton College – 2015 Heating & Cooling Load Profiles High efficiency boiler load Geothermal heating (to heat pump) MBTU/Hr Simultaneous load (heat pump) Steam Boilers Geothermal cooling (to heat pump) Electric Chillers Month
Energy Profile: Hot Water Transition Carleton College – 2017 Heating & Cooling Load Profiles High efficiency hot water boilers Heat from CHP Geothermal heating (tied to heat pump) Simultaneous load (heat pump only) Geothermal cooling (tied to heat pump) Electric chillers
Potential geothermal well field locations
Geothermal testing on the Bald Spot (Summer 2016)
Planning Outcomes
Conceptual System Overview COMBINED HEAT & POWER WIND BALD SPOT NEW ENERGY STATION Facilities Building BELL FIELD MINI BALD SPOT GEOTHERMAL WELL FIELDS SOLAR
Cost and Carbon Comparisons
Cost and Carbon Comparisons • CHP? • Solar PV? • Wind Turbine? • Greener Grid? Electrification is key….with gas to back up & supplement.
Financial Comparison Cumulative Capital + Operating Costs Cumulative Project Cost Break Even Base Case: Steam Capital + Operating Point Recommendation: Hot Water Payback period ~ 17 Years $120,000,000 $40M savings over 30 years $100,000,000 $80,000,000 $60,000,000 $40,000,000 $20,000,000 $0 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 Calendar Year
2016 Utility Master Plan A more efficient system that is future-focused Why on renewable energy technologies and reduces our carbon footprint, by transitioning from steam to a “low temp” What hot water heating distribution system, using a mix of geothermal wells, heat pumps How and combined heat and power supplemented by gas-fired, high efficiency condensing boilers.
Climate Action Plan Questions?
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