Charging Battery with Clean Energy By Mr. Raksapol Thananuwong - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Charging Battery with Clean Energy By Mr. Raksapol Thananuwong Senior Academic Staff The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST), Thailand

Raksapol Thananuwong • BA in Physics and Math • MSc in Physics • Working at IPST since Oct 2008 Working Experience • Consulting on various projects, e.g. House of Little Scientist, Thailand; TV game show Wittaya- Supprayut; Science and Technology Conference for Youth, Thailand, etc. • Manager of Thai student teams in international science and mathematics competitions, e.g. International Physics Olympiad, International Conference of Young Scientists • Design and develop learning materials (textbooks, ebooks, digital learning modules), curriculum, STEM activity, assessments, etc. • Conduct research on the effectiveness of learning materials, STEM activity.

Goals of the workshop To answer two questions 1. How to effectively deliver STEM lesson in a classroom? 2. How to assess STEM learning outcomes? Through Doing example activity: Charging Battery with Clean Energy

Outline 1. Getting to know battery 2. Charging battery with solar energy and pedal power 3. Design your innovative device and present your work 4. Discussion & Summary

Clean Energy 1. Write down one word for each box until all boxes are filled 2. Listen to the questions asked by the workshop trainer and then mark  in the box that has a word corresponding to the correct answer. If there is no answer, do not mark any box. 3. When you get three marked boxes in a row, column or in diagonal, shout “ Bingo! ”

Questions 1. What type of energy that a battery converts into electrical energy? 2. What device that most power plants use to produce electricity from a rotating motion? 3. What type of electric current produced by a solar panel? 4. What we need in order to store solar energy for night time use? 5. What type of electric current produced by a wind turbine?

Questions 6. What could effect the energy output of a solar panel? 7. What type of energy that a wind turbine converts into electrical energy? 8. What is the term that indicates the ratio of energy output by a solar cell to energy input from the sun? 9. What electrical quantities would allow a battery to be charged more quickly?

Main Objective of the Activity  To apply knowledge and skills in electricity, battery, generator, mathematics and energy technology to design and develop devices that could efficiently charge battery with clean energy.

Thai Science Curriculum Chemistry  Search and give examples of chemical reactions in everyday life and specify the conditions or factors for their occurrence.  Search and present examples of the application of energies from chemical reactions. Physics  Conduct activity and explain how an electromotive force is induced and give some examples of how this understanding can be applied in daily life.  Search and explain alternative energy and the effects of using renewable energy on the environment.  Search and explain the conversions of nuclear energy and solar energy into electricity.

Thai Curriculum Design and Technology  Safely construct objects and utensils or methodologies in accord with the technological process by conveying ideas through an image and models, leading to constructing work pieces or conveying concepts of the methodology through models, and reporting on results by using or presenting achievements.  Analyze and choose to creatively apply technologies suitable to daily life for the benefit of life, society and the environment, and sustainably mange technologies through methodology of clean technologies.

Scenario In the near future, scientists have predicted that natural hazards will become more severe and more frequent, as a result of climate change; and our main energy sources – oil, coal, natural gas – will be scarce. We have to prepare to be in a situation that we are facing some natural hazards without power for unexpected length of hours or days.

Outline 1. Getting to know battery 2. Charging battery with solar energy and pedal power 3. Design your innovative device and present your work 4. Discussion & Summary

What is battery?

Activity 1: Getting to know battery 1. Each member of the group chooses one topic she or he likes. If not all topics are chosen, ask for volunteer to take the remaining one(s).  History of a battery  Definition and the underlying science of a battery.  Types of battery  How to efficiently and safely use battery? 2. Go to join with other members of other group who choose the same topic and in 5 minutes, read and do the worksheet of that topic. 3. After 5 min, go back and share what you learn within your group for 5 min. 4. Fill in the Worksheet of Activity 1 and have one person present what the group has learned about battery in 1 – 2 minutes.

Activity 1: Summary  Battery is a device that consists of one or more electrochemical cells in which chemical energy is converted into electricity.  The main components of a battery is cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator.

Outline 1. Getting to know battery 2. Charging battery with solar energy and pedal power 3. Design your innovative device and present your work 4. Discussion & Summary

Activity 2: Charging Battery with Solar Energy  Part 1: Learn basic knowledge of solar cells by watching a clip, reading and answering question in the Part 1 of Safety considerations: Activity 2 worksheet. Watch for heat from a lamp.  Part 2: Study the factors that affect the output of a solar cell by doing activity in Part 2 of Activity 2 Worksheet.

Activity 2: Part 1 Basic Knowledge of Solar Cell Poly Crystalline Thin Film Mono Crystalline 7 – 10% 11 – 14% 12 – 15%

How does a solar cell work?

Activity 2: Part 2 Factors affecting Solar Cell’s Output  Study the factors that affect the output of a solar cell by doing activities in Part 2. Safety considerations: Watch for heat from a lamp

Activity 2: Summary (1/2)  A typical solar cell is a device consisting of two layers of different materials which have different electrical properties, giving rise to electric field at the junction between two layers.  When sunlight hits the cell, solar cell ’ s atoms will absorb energy. Some electrons of the atoms those have enough energy will become free electrons and will be pushed by the electric field at the junction to move through a wire that connects to an appliance, creating electric current.

Activity 2: Summary (2/2)  To charge a mobile phone battery using solar cells, the voltage of the solar cells must be about the same as that of a battery.  Tilt angle, area exposed to light and temperature are factors that affect solar cell’s electrical output.

Break

Freshen-up Activity Calculate the cost of charging a mobile phone.  A mobile phone’ s battery has 2 ,000 mAh capacity and 3. 8 V nominal voltage.  If we charge the battery once a day, from 0 %- 100%, in a year, how much do we have to pay for the cost of charging the battery? **The cost of electricity is 2 bahts/unit or about 5 cents/unit.

Answer  A mobile phone’ s battery has 2 ,000 mAh capacity and 3.8 V nominal voltage.  The energy consumed if it is fully charge is E = P  t = V I  t = 3.8 V  2 Ah= 7.6 Wh  Convert to Unit: 7.6 Wh = 0.0076 kWh = 0.0076 Units  In 1 year, there are 365 days. The total energy consumed in a year would be 365  0.0076 = 2.77 Units  The cost of electricity is 2 bahts/Unit and so in 1 year, the cost of charging the phone’s battery would be 2.77  2 = 5.54 bahts (16cents).

Activity 3: Charging Battery with Pedal Power  Part 1: Learn basic knowledge of a generator and electronics related to charging battery with pedal power.  Part 2: Build a prototype of a pedal power charger and run a test.

Activity 3: Part 1 Basic Knowledge of a Generator and Electronics  Read and respond to questions in Part 1 of Activity 3 Worksheet.

How does a generator work?  Faraday ’ s Law of Induction: An electromotive force (emf) is induced in a loop when the magnetic flux through the loop changes with time.  A simple AC generator consists of a loop of wire rotated by some external force in a magnetic field. The ends of the loop are connected to slip rings that rotate with the loop. The rings are in contact with stationary metallic brushes which connect to external circuit.

What electronics components we need in order to charge battery with pedal power? Capacitor Bridge rectifier IC voltage regulator

USB port (male and female) Breadboard

Activity 3: Part 2 Build a prototype of a pedal power charger and run a test.  Follow instruction in Part 2 of Activity 3.  When you finish making a prototype, have the instructor check and approve before running a test.

Activity 3: Summary  A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. It’s operation is based on Faraday’s law of induction.  To charge battery using energy from pedaling a bicycle, some electronics components are needed, such as capacitor, bridge rectifier, IC voltage generator, etc.