Using Performance to Link Land Use, Transportation, and Community Character 2013 AMPO Conference / Portland, OR
David Wessel, Manager Flagstaff Metropolitan Planning Organization Flagstaff, Arizona
About Flagstaff MPO � MPO created in 1996 � 525 square miles; significant portion is pine forest � Population about 85,000 � Principle city is Flagstaff � Several rural, unincorporated communities � Home to Northern Arizona University
About Flagstaff MPO � Strong community support for bicycling, walking, transit � Bicycle mode share is 9.0 percent � Walking mode share is 13.3 percent � Mountain Line ridership was 1.8 million last year
Planning… regionally An Evolution � Update to transportation element of 2001 Regional Plan � RTP Adopted by the FMPO Executive Board in December 2009 � Regional Plan update in the hearing process � RTP update technical preparation getting ready to launch
FMPO Regional Transportation Plan Concept level objectives � Context sensitive solutions � Complete streets � Connectivity Area types & Activity Centers � Tied to Traffic Analysis Zones Levels of Service � pedestrian | bicycle | transit | auto
Area types � Rural – low ‐ density housing dispersed within large tracts of public land � Suburban – medium density neighborhoods peripheral to the urban core, supported by lower ‐ intensity retail and service � Urban – dense mixed ‐ use core, focal point of community
Table 9A: Pedestrian Facilities – Guidelines for Use (See illustrations on next page) Rural Suburban Urban Basic Facilities Unpaved shoulder Local streets without curb and gutter Not used Not used Paved shoulder Arterials and collectors without curb and gutter Not used Not used Path Significant open space Significant open space Not used National forest Multi ‐ use trail Between major destinations Between major destinations Parallel to high speed/high volume roads Parallel to high speed/high volume roads Greenbelts, open space, parks, recreation areas, Greenbelts, open space, parks, recreation areas, drainage corridors drainage corridors Sidewalk Activity centers Along all streets Along all streets Some midblock pass ‐ thrus to meet spacing objectives Parkway Landscaped Landscaped Furnishing strip Arcade/promenade Not typically used High ‐ level activity centers Activity centers Amenities: street furniture, Not typically used High ‐ level activity centers, transit stops Activity centers etc. Benches, specialty lighting, trash receptacles Benches, specialty lighting, trash receptacles, signing Crossings Marked crosswalk Activity centers Major intersections Most intersections Activity centers Enhanced crosswalk Activity centers, where high visibility is desired High ‐ level activity centers Activity centers Mid ‐ block crossing Not typically used To meet spacing objectives To meet spacing objectives Mid ‐ block crossing with ped Not typically used Pedestrian attractors/generators on either side Pedestrian attractors/generators on either side signal of street of street High levels of concentrated ped crossings High levels of concentrated ped crossings Significant distances between controlled intersections Grade ‐ separated crossing Where grades allow on very high ‐ speed/high Where grades allow on high ‐ speed/high volume Not typically used (See appendices for more volume roads streets information) Curb extensions Not typically used High ‐ level activity centers Activity centers Raised median/crossing island Activity centers High ‐ level activity centers Activity centers Roadway Design Traffic management – Not typically used Local streets Local streets diverters, closures Traffic calming Local streets ‐ not typically used Local streets Local streets Arterials and collectors through high ‐ level Arterials and collectors activity centers
Table 9B: Pedestrian Facilities ‐ Level of Service Guidelines Level of Service Rural Suburban Urban None (Rural Arterials & Collectors only ) Sidewalk et al Vehicle speed <55 mph Unacceptable Unacceptable Traffic volume >8,000 ADT Minimum (Rural Arterials & Collectors only) Exception for areas of 1 acre zoning Sidewalk 5 feet 5 feet < 6 feet Parkway 5 feet 5 feet ‐ landscaped none Amenities Rarely used Sometimes used Crossing frequency <660 feet < 440 feet Crosswalks ‐ Marked Standard Standard or none Extensions/islands none Target vehicle speed 45 mph 35 mph 30 Traffic volume <30,000 ADT <25,000 ADT < 20,000 ADT Moderate (Rural Arterials & Collectors only) Sidewalk 5 feet 6 feet 6 ‐ 8 feet Parkway 5 feet 5 feet ‐ landscaped 5 feet – furnishing zone Amenities Sometimes used Regularly used Crossing frequency <440 feet <330 feet Crosswalks ‐ Marked High visibility markings High visibility, pattern, color Extensions/islands Crossing islands Crossing islands, curb extensions Target vehicle speed 40 mph 30 mph 25 mph Traffic volume <25,000 ADT <20,000 ADT <10,000 ADT High (Rural Activity Centers only) Sidewalk 6 ‐ 8 feet 8 ‐ 10 feet Parkway The County may wish to require 5 feet ‐ landscaped 5 ‐ 15 feet – furnishing zone Amenities pedestrian amenities in these areas Regularly used Frequently used Crossing frequency to achieve higher safety, social or <330 feet <250 feet Crosswalks ‐ Marked aesthetic objectives High visibility, pattern, color High visibility, texture, pattern, color Extensions/islands Crossing islands, curb extensions Crossing islands, curb extensions, raised intersection Target vehicle speed 25 mph 20 mph Traffic volume <15,000 ADT <5,000 ADT
From Plans to Performance
Painting the Big Picture Context Scope Transportation performance doesn’t occur in a vacuum Using field data, surveys, and transportation models
Lead with the Punch Line Measure and Roles Quick Read Explanation Recent and Upcoming Influences
Current Context Measures Source: Trip Diary Surveys
Measures in the Works
Pedestrian Friendliness Scale (LOS) Plan/Policy � No place should be Pedestrian Intolerant � Every place should be at least Pedestrian Tolerant � Most places should be Pedestrian Supportive � A few select locations should be Pedestrian Place Performance � Lists factors that define walkability � Gives scale/numbers/dimension to factors � Acknowledges that goals for walkability varies according to context � Organizes the concept along a continuum
Roadway Characteristics Pedestrian Intolerant Pedestrian Tolerant Pedestrian Supportive Pedestrian Place Traffic volumes More than 25,000 ADT 15,000 to 25,000 ADT 5,000 to 15,000 ADT Less than 5,000 ADT Traffic speeds More than 35 mph 30 ‐ 35 mph 25 ‐ 30 mph Less than 25 mph On ‐ street parking None None One side Both sides Ped activated with shorter cycles Ped activated to give priority to Traffic signals None Ped signal with walk phases and longer walk intervals pedestrian movements Uses leading ped intervals, Timed for walking speeds of Timed for walking speeds of Signal walk phases None delayed green, or exclusive ped 3.5 to 4.0 ft/sec 2.5 to 3.0 ft/sec interval Crossing frequency More than 528 feet 330 to 528 feet 250 to 330 feet Less than 250 feet Mid ‐ block crossings None Marked and signed Curb extensions, refuge islands Design gives pedestrians priority Pedestrian Realm Pedestrian Intolerant Pedestrian Tolerant Pedestrian Supportive Pedestrian Place None on locals, none or one side One side on locals, both sides on Both sides of all streets, Sidewalk presence Both sides of all streets on arterials arterials supplemental traffic calming 8 to 10 feet (through), Sidewalk width Less than 5 feet 5 feet min 6 to 8 feet 10 to 30 feet (total) Adjacent Land Use Pedestrian Intolerant Pedestrian Tolerant Pedestrian Supportive Pedestrian Place Land uses Single use Often single use Limited mixed ‐ use All uses within walking distance Building setbacks More than 50 feet 20 to 50 feet 5 to 20 feet Less than 5 feet Building height:width Wider than to 1:4 1:4 to 1:2 1:4 to 1:2 Transparent window along much Doors/windows to street No windows or doors facing street Infrequent windows or doors Frequent windows and doors of ground floor facade Awnings or canopies over Pedestrian protection None None Continuous awnings or arcades entrances
More…Measures in the Works Performance by Area Type System Performance � Bicycle Friendliness Score � Travel Time � Transit Service Score � Pavement Condition � Density � Connectivity Investment Performance � Benefit Cost Analysis Interim Measures � Model estimates for mode share
Benefit Cost Analysis A spread sheet tool under development � VMT � VHT � Fuel / Emissions � Safety � More
DAVID WESSEL, MANAGER FLAGSTAFF MPO 928 ‐ 213 ‐ 2650 dwessel@flagstaffaz.gov Thank You!
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