UPDATES ON CSI: Identification and Botanical Spray to Control it CB Adalla, PhD Professor, College of Agriculture UP Los Banos and Co Convener, UPLB Volunteers for CSI Status of Government Initiatives per PCA Interagency Consultation Workshop held at UPLB, October 2013
1. Life history of coconut scale insect and its coccinelid predators (A.R. Alfiler) 2. Exploring the Dynamics of the Coconut Scale Insect Outbreaks (E.C. Manohar) SAGIP Program in CALABARZON (E.C. Manohar) 3. Coconut Scale Insect: Aspidiotus destructor? Aspidiotus rigidus? Aspidiotus new species? (S.A. Yap and B.L. Caoili) *Studies on morphological aspects of CSI collected from Batangas were determined to be genus Aspidiotus . Adult females vary in length from 0.90-1. 2 in which both A. destructor and A. rigidus qualify. Based on pygmidium (anal part secreting waxy material), specimen can also qualify as destructor and rigidus. *Specimen from PCA, identified by expert Dr. Ireneo Lit Jr. (Museum of Natural History director) to be A. destructor but when sent abroad, it was identified as A. rigidus (By CB Adalla thru her research partners in IPM CRSP Project as early as May 2012) In general, variations of A. rigidus would fall under destructor making A. rigidus a subspecies or strain of A. destructor. � There is a need to compare samples with identified A. rigidus morphologically and molecularly. *It was very difficult to get samples from Indonesia thus a government to government communication must be done in order to get samples for comparison. 4. Mass rearing of C. melas and C. negrita in agencies like RCPC is being done on one container. Proper sorting should be done. *Fungi isolated from CSI in mangosteen and coco leaves, an initiative of Dr. Caoili which the PCA could opt to fund in the future 5. DA-NCPC Action Project for the Control of CSI in Southern Luzon (J.R. Adorada) This project of the National Crop Protection Center (NCPC) herein presented was crafted to augment the efforts of PCA. Focus on the biological control of CSI as a short term solution to the pest problem while developing long term basis for courses of action such as an understanding the cause of CSI outbreak and development of a disaster risk management network for pest outbreaks and other crop protection concern of the country. Dinotefuran (M. Espiritu) *Dinotefuran’s recommended mode of application is the bark application. *Dr. Navasero recommended for a valid test of dinotefuran since we cannot assure that the pesticide did reach the top and was really the reason the tree was recovering. *Dr. Javier attested the effectiveness of dinotefuran in coconut scale insect infested trees.
Recovery coconut trees affected by scale insect set Posted by iNews Philippines on October 2, 2013 PCA Administrator Euclides G. Forbes bared that the implementation of the agency’s SAGIP Program (Sama-samang Aksyon ng Gobyerno, Industriya at Pamayanan), a massive operation to control scale insect infestation done by spraying of dishwashing solution and cochin oil, leaf pruning of young and moderately affected leaves, application of fertilizer and also the mass production and distribution and release of predators proved effective as shown by the result. He said that of the total 476,845 affected trees in various degrees of infestation from low to severe located in the towns of Agoncillo, Lemery, Sto, Tomas, Talisay, Laurel, Malvar and Balete in Batangas and Sampaloc in Quezon , 34,588 trees are showing signs of recovery with the appearance of new leaves. The administrator emphasized that the Sagip Program is a joint operation with the Local Government Units (LGU’s) and Barangays. He said that while .05 percent of the 340 million coconut trees are affected, this is not a threat to the coconut industry . PCA field personnel continue to monitor scale insect incidences for immediate treatment and provide technical assistance to affected farmers Last Sunday, March 16 in an interview over DZMM , the overall manager of PCA, CSI control Program assures the public that PCA IN partnership with PCAR DOST IS DOING ITS BEST TO ADDRESS THE SITUATION. Non Government Initiatives on CSI � As early as January 2010 a few UPLB Alumni headed by Capt Mannie Baradas appealed for support from PCA and Sec Alcala for the CSI problem building up in Tanauan Batangas � May 2011, the UPLB Volunteers for CSI was formalized and became an advocacy group to create awareness and monitored the spread of the insect from Tanauan to other towns of Batangas and limited parts of Luzon. Also work briefly with PCA in a project funded by CIIF to mitigate the Tanauan devastation. � the UPLB VCSI CONTINUED THE ADVOCACY….and some members started to do personal week end researches and while Mr Baradas continue to travel and monitor the spread of the pest all on his own cost � CA Adalla, continued to tests some plant extracts against insect pest of vegetables as part of her USAID funded IPM project extended the test to CSI, with most of the test and the formulation work done by friends funded by personal funds. Sent Samples of test insect to US for ID validation in May 2013 � After 2 years, CB Adalla, I material was found really promising with 50 to 75% efficacy in both greenhouse and limited field test � January 2014, DOST Reg IVa thru Director Alex Madrigal funded a pilot testing of the material in macapuno farms of LAES and PhilHybrid
… on the Identification of CSI Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspdidiae), a devastating pest of coconut in the Philippines. Gillian W. Watson*, Candida B. Adalla‡, B. Merle Shepard† and Gerald R. Carner● *Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832, U.S.A., ‡Crop Protection Cluster, University of the Philippines, Los Banos College, Laguna 4031, Philippines, † Clemson University, Coastal Research and Education Center, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, U.S.A., ● School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences, E249 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A. Correspondence: Gillian W. Watson; Tel.: +01 916 262 1155; Fax: +01 916 262 1140; e-mail: gillian.watson@cdfa.ca.gov Reviewed by: Dr. C.J. Hodgson, Department of Biodiversity and Biological Systematics, The National Museum of Wales,Cathay's Park,Cardiff,CF10 3NP, UK Relevant Information on A rigidus • true place of origin is not known, but recorded several outbreaks in Indonesia. Recorded in Java for sometime but never developed into outbreak proportion • the specific parasitoid is Comperiella inifasciata from Japan • Telsimia nitida and Chilocorus nigritus attacks A destruc tor but not A rigidus • Coconut and mangosteen are the only known and reported host plant so far
The DOST Region 4a Funded Pilot Project for Macapuno Affected Trees • an oil extracted from a local legume tree formulated in saponified Coconut oil and use as 3 % spray applied 3 times at weekly interval • 3 weekly applications, followed by foliar fertilization and a botanical fungicide against Fusarium • the latest formulation, an improved Botanical spray with 10g inert material that enhance the toxicity and applied only once with 85 to 95% control The Results of the Pilot Tests…
Basic Information about the Project Sites A. Lipa Agricultural Experiment Station (LAES) � about 100 trees, all fruit bearing, with moderate infestation of coconut scale insects � Sprayed with recommended rate of Cochin oil + Joy dishwashing liquid day before we visited and engaged the farm for the study, We engaged the farm because the scale insects are still alive despite the sprays � after 2 days when we returned to collect pre-treatment samples and apply our first treatment spray, we found moderate phytotoxicity as indicated a subsequent picture � WE proceeded but noting the level of phtotoxicity and counts of live CSI as benchmark � Botanical spray applied 2x and the combination treatment of Botanical + inert substance. � as of today (last spraying last Friday March 14), we are confident that we controlled the scale insects. The challenge is untill when…. This is why we need a biological control to sustain to maintain the low population � part of the technology is to apply foliar fertilizer or basal high N fertiilzer during wet season. � the prune, treat, fertilize and rehabilitate thru sustainable interventions was partly implemented and showing good level of success in terms of CSI reduction. The DA LAES (Lipa Agricultural Experiment Station) Macapuno Farm
LAES Before 1 st Treatment 3.5x 2x Dwarf sample no 89
1 2 LAES Dwarf No 77 (2X) 1- after 1 st Spraying 2- after the 2 nd Spraying 3- after the 3 rd Spraying 3 March 7 no 66 (LAES) sprayed with Scalicide Plus ( 97 % mortality)
March 7 Sample no. No 116 (PhilHybrid Farm) 98 % mortality The PhilHybrid Macapuno Farm in Sta Teresita, Sto Tomas Batangas • 10 hectare farm of tall macapuno variety and a seedling nursery of about 2,000 seedlings • has varied stages 3 to 5 years pre bearing and 2/3 are bearing stage with heavy infestation of coconut scale insect (stage 3). The farm is surrounded by equally infested tress • the plants are also under water stress • Also used Cochin Oil, prior to our set up and manifested similar phytotoxicity damage • Had very high CSI infestation despite cochin oil treatment
PhilHybrid Macapuno(tall variety) Nursery The Mitra Macapuno Farm in Sta Teresita, Sto Tomas Batangas
Close up of leaf samples Before and after treatment Before treatment After 1 st Treatment After 2 nd treatment Status of CSI infestation at PhilHybrid Farm
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