University-based Greenhouse Gas Inventorying and Mitigation A Case - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

University-based Greenhouse Gas Inventorying and Mitigation A Case Study of the University Park Campus of Penn State University Brandi Nagle Penn State University

• Issues of Scale • Inventory and Calculator • Mitigation Planning • Lessons Learned • Where do we go from here?

Across the Globe, Around the Corner • GHG emissions are a global problem • But solutions could be local – ability to incorporate local variations in economy, geography, and community structure – emissions happen at the local scale – involve local stakeholders

Universities as Local Places • Universities offer a unique opportunity for GHG inventorying and mitigation planning activities – autonomous – centralized data availability – resource for current climate change research

University Park, PA • 43,000+ full time students • 14,000+ full time faculty and staff • 758 ‘buildings’ • 15.5 million gross sq ft • 2262 classrooms and labs • 2 steam plants Steuer, 2004

Inventory and Calculator Methods • Activity-based emission estimates by sector • Activity data X emission factor = emissions – IPCC Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories – EPA Inventory of U.S. GHG Emissions and Sinks 1990-2002 . – EPA’s Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Volume VIII – Clean Air Cool Planet (CACP) GHG Inventory Calculator v. 4.0 • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) – (TARN Model) • Sectors – Energy, Transportation, Waste, Land Management, Animal Management, Synthetic Chemicals

Activity Data Stationary Sources of Energy Boilers, Heaters, Generators Natural Gas Fuel Oil 2 Diesel Propane Total Year (mcf) (barrels) (barrels) (barrels) 1990 51436 5183 59.52 2770 N/A 1991 56405 5198 59.52 2770 N/A 1992 60473 4943 59.52 2770 N/A 1993 69298 4727 59.52 2770 N/A 1994 85401 4519 59.52 2770 N/A 1995 95603 4195 59.52 2770 N/A 1996 96098 3884 59.52 2770 N/A 1997 90237 3861 59.52 2770 N/A 1998 87030 7029 59.52 2770 N/A 1999 75023 6095 59.52 2770 N/A 2000 101485 5526 59.52 2770 N/A 2001 126399 4973 59.52 2770 N/A 2002 131893 5647 59.52 2770 N/A

Activity Data Stationary Sources of Energy Purchased Electricity Boilers, Heaters, Generators Natural Gas Coal Nat Gas Fuel Oil 2 Diesel Oil Propane Other Total Renewable Total Year % of total (mcf) % of total (barrels) % of total (barrels) (barrels) % of total % of total (kwh) 1990 64.01% 51436 26.48% 5183 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 175030747 1991 64.01% 56405 26.48% 5198 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 184023959 1992 64.01% 60473 26.48% 4943 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 191941608 1993 64.01% 69298 26.48% 4727 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 201776432 1994 64.01% 85401 26.48% 4519 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 211483292 1995 64.01% 95603 26.48% 4195 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 221569222 1996 64.01% 96098 26.48% 3884 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 227099724 1997 64.01% 90237 26.48% 3861 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 227218964 1998 64.01% 87030 26.48% 7029 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 242668208 1999 64.01% 75023 26.48% 6095 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 252206355 2000 64.01% 101485 26.48% 5526 59.52 1.25% 2770 8.26% N/A 0.00% 264314466 2001 63.45% 126399 26.26% 4973 59.52 1.24% 2770 8.22% N/A 0.83% 275026555 2002 60.81% 131893 25.16% 5647 59.52 1.19% 2770 7.84% N/A 5.00% 282611284

Activity Data Stationary Sources of Energy Steam Plants Boilers, Heaters, Generators Natural Gas Fuel Oil 2 Diesel Propane Total Coal Natural Gas Other Total (barrels (tons) (mcf) (N/A) Year (mcf) (barrels) ) (barrels) 64362 150598 0 N/A 1990 51436 5183 59.52 2770 N/A 64022 156112 0 N/A 1991 56405 5198 59.52 2770 N/A 65939 167379 0 N/A 1992 60473 4943 59.52 2770 N/A 66934 157894 0 N/A 1993 69298 4727 59.52 2770 N/A 65860 154200 0 N/A 1994 85401 4519 59.52 2770 N/A 66633 208826 0 N/A 1995 95603 4195 59.52 2770 N/A 71207 166158 0 N/A 1996 96098 3884 59.52 2770 N/A 73208 164157 0 N/A 1997 90237 3861 59.52 2770 N/A 67247 135824 0 N/A 1998 87030 7029 59.52 2770 N/A 1999 67216 75023 6095 179925 59.52 2770 0 N/A N/A 2000 101485 5526 59.52 2770 N/A 68619 121653 0 N/A 2001 126399 4973 59.52 2770 N/A 69417 141194 0 N/A 2002 131893 5647 59.52 2770 N/A 68793 185562 0 N/A

C0 2 Emissions (for example) Stationary Sources Boilers, Heaters, Generators Natural Gas Fuel Oil 2 Diesel Propane Total Year (MTCO2E) (MTCO2E) (MTCO2E) (MTCO2E) (MTCO2E) 1990 2803 2189 25 692 5710 1991 3074 2196 25 692 5987 1992 3296 2088 25 692 6101 1993 3777 1997 25 692 6491 1994 4654 1909 25 692 7281 1995 5210 1772 25 692 7700 1996 5237 1641 25 692 7595 1997 4918 1631 25 692 7266 1998 4743 2969 25 692 8430 1999 4089 2574 25 692 7381 2000 5531 2334 25 692 8583 2001 6889 2101 25 692 9707 2002 7188 2385 25 692 10291 Also calculates CH 4 , N 2 0, and has an ‘other’ tab for customization Converts everything to MTC0 2 E

GHG Emissions (MTC0 2 E) Stationary Sources Boilers, Heaters, Generators Natural Gas Fuel Oil 2 Diesel Propane Total Year (MTCO2E) (MTCO2E) (MTCO2E) (MTCO2E) (MTCO2E) 1990 2820 2193 25 708 5746 1991 3092 2199 25 708 6025 1992 3315 2091 25 708 6140 1993 3799 2000 25 708 6532 1994 4682 1912 25 708 7327 1995 5241 1775 25 708 7749 1996 5269 1643 25 708 7645 1997 4947 1633 25 708 7314 1998 4771 2974 25 708 8478 1999 4113 2579 25 708 7425 2000 5564 2338 25 708 8635 2001 6930 2104 25 708 9767 2002 7231 2389 25 708 10353

Emissions by Sector 500,000 408,332 450,000 400,000 336,273 GHG Emissions (MTCE) 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Energy Transportation Other Steuer, 2004

Emissions at University Park University Park's Observed (1990-02) and Projected (2003-12) Greenhouse Gas Emissions 600000 550000 525679 GHG Emissions (MTCO2E) 500000 450000 56.3% 400000 336273 350000 Kyoto Compliance 312734 C li 300000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Adapted from Steuer, 2004

We have an inventory, now what?

Emissions Reductions • Work with university stakeholders – Engineers, planners, managers – Focus groups, individual meetings • Discuss options for Penn State – Physically possible – Economically feasible – Socially desirable – Highest priority • Look for cost-saving alternatives

There’s Good News and Bad News • Penn State is already doing a lot! – Guaranteed Energy Savings Program – Continuous Commissioning Program – LEEDs certification – EnergyStar purchasing – Recycling

Room for Improvement • Dissemination of initiatives • Collaboration – bridge with academia • Outreach • Behavioral adaptations

Looking at Emissions Differently Emissions per capita 8.6 8.4 8.2 8 MTC0 2 E 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 7 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Year

Looking at Emissions Differently CO 2 Emissions per Square Foot of Building Space at UP 0.046 0.045 0.044 0.043 MTCO 2 E 0.042 0.041 0.04 0.039 0.038 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 Year

Lessons Learned from the Inventory • Emission inventories should be performed for multiple years. • Emission inventory compilers should consider carefully the accuracy of their emission factors. • Emission inventories should be performed by a team consisting of sector “experts” and an inventory compiler.

Implications • Shift from technical to behavioral focus • Despite these efforts, emissions still rising – Where do we go from here?

Penn State – Moving Forward • Continued energy efficiency efforts • Increased outreach and collaboration • Environmental Awareness Center • Formal adoption of MAP • Beyond University Park – other Commonwealth campuses

Conclusions • Local scale study is very valuable, university campuses offer unique opportunity • Emissions must be looked at in specific context in which they are generated • Penn State is working on technical, lacking on behavioral changes

West Campus Steam Plant circa 1933