Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) Michele Dix 14 November 2013 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) Michele Dix 14 November 2013

Contents • Challenges and existing policies • ULEZ • ULEZ – Objectives and purpose – Identifying and refining potential policies y g g p p – Assessing the options – What we are considering… – Next Steps N S • Questions 2

Mayor’s Vision for a ULEZ To create an ultra low emission zone where almost all the vehicles running during working hours are either zero or low emission low emission. This could deliver incredible benefits in air quality and stimulate the delivery and mass use of low emission technology. Boris Johnson, Mayor of London 3

Meeting London’s Challenges Mayor’s Climate Change Mitigation Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy Mayor s Air Quality Strategy Mayor’s Transport Strategy Mayor s Transport Strategy and Energy Strategy d E St t 4

Work to date and planned interventions Implemented • CC Z Ultra Low Emission Discount – Incentivising very low emission vehicles – Standards recently tightened to maximise effect y g • LEZ – Focussed on particulate matter (PMs) – Only applies to heavy diesel vehicles – Standards tighten in 2012 – Next phase for NO X in 2015 only applies to TfL Buses • Taxi 15 year age limit • Private Hire Vehicle 10 year age limit – Both introduced in 2012 B h i d d i 2012 But there remains a gap between where we can get to by 2020 and the EU limit values for NO EU limit values for NO 2 5

London’s challenges in 2020 - Air Quality Hotspots Road vehicles not the only source of 2020 NO 2 emissions: Annual Mean (µgm -3 ) (µg ) • Airports Greatest amount of public • Construction sites exposure to air pollutants • Industrial Areas and highest amount of BUT transport is largest source of NO X roadside activity occurs in central London EU limit Wider action plan still required to address required to address exceedance elsewhere 6

Associated policies • Any central London policy should be consistent with others in development: – Roads Task Force – Cycling Vision, including cycle safety – Walking – West End – Mayor’s 2020 Vision – Freight – Taxis – Tourist Bus Action Plan Tourist Bus Action Plan • Wider Air Quality issues will continue to be addressed through: – The Mayor’s Air Quality Strategy y y gy – Transport Emissions Action Plan; and – The Mayor’s Low Emission Vehicle Road Map • Other policy developers O h li d l – Government – EU – Boroughs Boroughs 7

Objectives and purpose Reduce CO2 Reduce air emissions emissions pollutants pollutants from road from road transport transport ULEZ objectives Stimulate Stimulate low Promote emission sustainable vehicle vehicle tra el travel market 8

Objectives and purpose Addressing the NO 2 problem • Dieselisation of fleet • Dieselisation of fleet Reduce air Reduce air • Road transport roughly half the source pollutants of NO x from road • Unlikely to achieve compliance with EU Unlikely to achieve compliance with EU transport transport NO 2 limit value by2020 Improving health impacts • 4,000 Londoners die prematurely linked to air polluition (source DoH) •Reported levels of PM10 within the EU limit with some roadsides at risk of exceedance • Air pollution linked to risk of cancer and affects asthma sufferers. 9

Central London emissions profile 2020 Whole London Central London 9% 19% 22% PM 10 14% 33% 5% 5% 8% 22% 46% 46% 22% NO x NO x 20% 27% 35% 40% 18% 8% 10% 19% 9% 13% 10

Objectives and purpose • Road transport responsible for 21% CO 2 emissions in central London CO 2 emissions in central London Reduce CO2 Reduce CO2 emissions • Diesel vehicles tend to have a lower from road CO 2 emissions than petrol but much p transport transport 2 higher NO x emissions 17% 24% 37% 37% 11% CO 2 11% 53% 11% 11% 18% 9% Central London Whole London 11

Objectives and purpose • Supporting Mayor’s ambition for electric, plug-in hybrid and for electric, plug in hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles to be common place on London’s streets • Influence and gain from Government’s investment to stimulate the low emission vehicle market Stimulate low emission vehicle market 12

Objectives and purpose • Supporting the Mayor’s cycling vision • Encouraging those who can make g g journeys by public transport to shift • Working with the freight industry to g g y change delivery patterns as well as reduce emissions from HGVs and LGVs • Encourage zero emission deliveries Promote sustainable travel 13

Identifying potential policies Reduce CO2 Reduce air emissions emissions pollutants pollutants from road from road transport transport ULEZ objectives Stimulate low Stimulate low Promote emission sustainable vehicle travel market 14

Identifying potential policies 15

Refining possible policies What time What time Where will Where will will it the zone operate? cover? Key questions What is Ultra Who will be Low? affected? 16

Refining possible policies Wh Where will ill the zone cover? Identifying exceedance and human exposure • Central London predicted to remain an air quality focus area beyond 2020 • Greatest amount of public exposure and highest amount of roadside activity Greatest amount of public exposure and highest amount of roadside activity occurs in Central London • Congestion Charge Zone well established with embedded travel behaviour 17

Refining possible policies 24hrs 7 days a week? Or What time Congestion Charge hours? will it will it 7 00 18 00 M 7:00 – 18:00 Mon-Fri (exc public F i ( bli operate? holidays) *taken from sensitivity scenarios, assumes like-for-like travel behaviour and 100% compliance 18

Refining possible policies Euro standards Euro 6/VI • Set of emissions based criteria for • Next set of standards to be Next set of standards to be new vehicles introduced from 2014 starting with • Aim to reduce PMs, NO X and CO 2 heavy vehicles • Currently new vehicles meet Euro 5 • Significant improvement on previous g p p standard (other than motorbikes) standards •UK Government focussing on low • 70% reduction in emissions for carbon vehicles especially alternative diesel cars compared to Euro 5 p fuels • 80% reduction for HGVs compared to Euro V •Petrol Euro 4 standard is same as Diesel Euro 6 What is Ultra Low? 19

Projected uptake of Euro VI vehicles – without intervention 100% 100% 90% 80% et Euro 6 / VI 70% Taxi Petrol Car (national fleet) 60% Diesel Car (national fleet) Diesel Car (national fleet) entage of the flee Petrol LGV 50% Diesel LGV TfL Buses 40% Coaches and non-TfL Buses Perce Rigid HGV 30% Articulated HGV 20% NB: Car percentages based on national average estimates and central London profile 10% 10% likely to differ. Cars includes PHVs. 0% 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Others based on estimates from London ANPR and TfL audit data 20

How old are Euro 6 vehicles in 2020? We need to We need to need to tak need to tak take the age take the age the age of the age of of vehicles into account of vehicles into account hicles into account when hicles into account when when when considering which policy should considering which policy should apply for each v apply for each vehicle type hicle type 21

What realistically can be achieved? • TfL only one part of the solution • How do we get greener vehicles? • What technology will be available in 2020? – Electric? – Gas? – Hybrid? • How much will they cost? • • Need to consider Need to consider… – Government – Industry – Infrastructure Infrastructure 22

Refining possible policies • All types of vehicles being assessed at Total number of unique vehicles in policy development stage the CCZ 24/7 period Number of unique • Impact on emissions, compliance costs vehicles entering at and wider economic impacts are being least once a month assessed Cars/PHV/P2W 800,000 • Potential exemptions, mitigations and Vans 167 ,000 i incentives also being considered i l b i id d HGVs 31,000 Non TfL buses & 16,000 coaches coaches Taxis 21,000 * Who will be affected? Buses 2,700 * London wide licences 23

Pathways to compliance in 2020 100% unique vehicles in zone Already meet Buy compliant Not buy compliant standard vehicle vehicle Compliant => Make Compliant => purchase cost adaptation no cost Other Oth R Re-mode d Re-time R ti F Forgo trip t i Divert Adaptations may lead to less traffic in zone but also less benefits outside zone Adaptations may lead to less traffic in zone but also less benefits outside zone. Adaptations may also incur dis-benefits (eg inconvenience) 24