SMART GRID – GRID of Tomorrow Professor N K Kishore PhD Professor of Electrical Engineering and Associate Faculty of Energy Science Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur kishor@ee.iitkgp.ernet.in
Function of Link 4
Energy Meters • prepaid energy meters, • induction type energy meters, • analog or digital electric energy meters, • three phase or single phase energy meters, • electromechanical energy meters, • microcontroller based wireless energy meters, • smart energy meters
Wireless Meters • measuring power or electric energy and also to monitor using wireless communication. • Wireless communication modules (such as GSM) enable the conventional energy meters to become wireless energy meters. • These wireless meters eliminate manpower for �eteri�g a�d �illi�g the �usto�er’s electricity consumption.
• a microcontroller based wireless energy meter, as 8051 microcontroller is used for controlling the entire system. • This microcontroller based wireless energy meter consists of major components or blocks such as microcontroller, relays, loads, electricity consumption meter, LCD display, power supply circuit, GSM modem, DB9 connector, MAX232, and relay driver.
Microcontroller based Wireless Energy Meter Block Diagram by Edgefxkits.com
Power Supply Block • in every electrical and electronics circuit used for providing the required power to the microcontroller and other components in the circuit. • Generally, this power supply block consists of step-down transformer, bridge rectifier, and IC 7805 voltage regulator. • Thus, the required 5V DC power supply is given to the microcontroller.
Microcontroller Block • main block of the entire circuit, as it is programmed to control all the components to perform the desired operation. • Here microcontroller of 8051 family is used and programmed using Keil software. • e�ergy �eter i�terfa�ed �ith μ�o�troller usi�g interfacing device/middle wire device namely Opto- isolator. • GSM modem interfaced with ucontroller using an interfacing device MAX232 and DB9 connector.
Relays and Loads Block • Relays i�terfa�ed �ith μ�o�troller usi�g relay dri�er. • loads connected between relays and energy meter: loads given a 230V AC power supply • 230V AC power supply operates the loads until relays switched by user sending SMS from the registered mobile number to the GSM modem to turn off the loads. • need to register authorized person mobile number with wireless electricity consumption meter. • registered mobile number can only have access or authority to regulate loads and monitor wireless energy meter system.
• microcontroller programmed control the relay driver to switch on/off the relays. • using registered mobile number, appropriate commands sent to GSM modem as required, • which are used to switch on/off loads using relays through relay driver. • information regarding status of GSM modem communication with energy meter, status of load – on/off, energy consumed, SMS sent to GSM modem, mobile number registered displayed on the LCD display
• GSM modem SIM sends message to registered mobile number at regular intervals. • User can check electricity bill on registered mobile itself . • reduces manpower for electricity billing to all • wireless meter system facilitates user to check electricity bill over regular intervals based on requirement. • By using microcontroller based wireless energy meter we can check and pay our electricity bills online from anywhere (even we can get reminded about electricity bills via SMS), so that we can pay bills and avoid electric power supply disconnections
Advanced Metering Infrastructure Demand Response Incentive/Disincentive by TOD tariff Signaling for load control Load curtailment beyond sanctioned limit Tamper Detection Network Problem identification Reduced AT&C losses Energy Audit Billing Efficiency
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Metering Revolution Customer Grid Work & Asset Operations Operations Management Billing none none Bimonthly reading Only kWh & MD Load Repair & Management Billing maintenance (partial load of assets shedding for Information overloaded delivery 15 minute reading Tamper / DT ) (w.r.t. tariff, theft kWh, MD, kVA, I, V, pf, etc outage, etc.) detection Outage Load control management
Benefits of Smart Meter Σ Distribution Consumers Transformer Load / Device Control Continuous Energy Audit Smart Meters Input to Outage Management System Consumer Engagement via In Home Display
• A smart meter is an electronic device that records consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to theutility for monitoring and billing. • Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system. Unlike home energy monitors, smart meters can gather data for remote reporting. Such an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) differs from traditional automatic meter reading (AMR) in that it enables two-way communications with the meter.
SMART METER • A smart meter is a new kind of gas and electricity meter that can digitally send meter readings to your energy supplier. • This can ensure more accurate energy bills. Smart meters also come with monitors, so you can better understand your energy usage. • Every home in Britain will have a smart meter installed by 2020.
• Smart meters use a secure national communication network (called the DCC) to automatically and wirelessly send your actual energy usage to your supplier. • This means households will no longer rely on estimated energy bills, have to provide their own regular readings, or have meter readers come into their homes to read the meter. • Smart meters will also come with an in-home display. • This display gives the household real-time usage info, including kWh use and cost.
benefits of having a smart meter? • More accurate bills Smart meters mean the end of estimated bills, the end of having to remember to provide meter readings and/or have a stranger come into your home to read your meter • Better understanding of your usage With the smart meter display, you can see the direct impact your habits and lifestyle have on your bill. This is particularly useful to prepayment meter customers, who can better track how their usage impacts their available credit. By making your energy usage easier to understand, you can make smarter decisions to save energy and money, including feeling more confident switching energy supplier.
• Faster and easier energy switching Because your usage data is so easily accessible, the aim is to make energy switching as quick as just a half hour. • Bringing Britain's energy system into the 21st century The future is smart, and smart meters are part of the effort to create a smart grid, which is part of providing low-carbon, efficient and reliable energy to Britain's households. • Innovative energy tariffs Using the data collected on when and how households are using energy, suppliers can create more competitive time-of-use tariffs with cheaper prices for off-peak use.
• Smart meters measure how much gas and ele�tri�ity you’re usi�g, as �ell as �hat it’s costing you, and display this on a handy in- home display. • They also send automatic meter readings to your energy supplier at least once a month, so you will receive accurate, not estimated, bills. • https://www.smartenergygb.org/en/about- smart-meters/what-is-a-smart-meter#
On an in- ho�e display, you’ll �e a�le to clearly see: • ho� �u�h e�ergy you’re usi�g i� �ear real ti�e • how much energy was used in the last hour, week, and month (and what it cost) • whether your electricity use is high, medium or low • updates in near real time for electricity and every half hour for gas. • If you have a prepay meter, it will also show: • how much credit you have left • how much you have on your emergency credit balance • your debt balance (if you have one) • if your �redit’s getti�g lo�.
Why the rollout • The European Union asked all member governments to look at smart meters as part of measures to upgrade our energy supply and tackle climate change. After an initial study, the British government decided to adopt smart meters as part of their plan to update our ageing energy system. • They’ll gi�e you �ore �o�trol o�er your e�ergy use, help you understand your bills and allow you to see what the energy you use is costing you. Smart meters will also benefit Britain as a whole.
Energy Meters • prepaid energy meters, • induction type energy meters, • analog or digital electric energy meters, • three phase or single phase energy meters, • electromechanical energy meters, • microcontroller based wireless energy meters • smart energy meters
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