Today • Course Information Ubiquitous Computing • A few words about Interaction Design • Overview of Ubiquitous Computing • Home work TDA471 07 10 29 - 1 07 10 29 - 2 Teachers Course Aim • Olof Torgersson The concept of ubiquitous computing deals – Responsible for the course with a world where computational – Literature seminars technology and services permeate almost – Project supervision everything around us, yet fulfils human • Lalya Gaye needs far better than most technology does – Course assistant today. This course aims to give insights in – Technology supervisor the theory and philosophy of ubiquitous – Project suprvision computing as well as practical skills in developing such systems. 07 10 29 - 3 07 10 29 - 4
Learning outcomes • After completion of this course, the student should be able to: – Understand how computational technology can be • After completion of this course, the student should understood and used as a material for design of be able to: interactive systems – Understand and reflect on the theory and philosophy of – Apply knowledge of hardware, software and other ubiquitous computing design materials into the design of artefacts with – Reflect upon the effects of a society where embedded information technology computational technology permeates every aspect of – Carry out the development of a prototype of a our lives ubiquitous computing system from concept – Discuss and criticize designs in the area of ubiquitous development to working prototype computing – Present and document your work through both oral and – Design computational things using non-traditional ways of realising the interaction between man and machine written presentations 07 10 29 - 5 07 10 29 - 6 Ubiquitous Computing "Ubiquitous Computing is fundamentally characterized by the connection of things in the Movie world with computation“ (Mark Weiser) Minority Report Check use of IT 07 10 29 - 7 07 10 29 - 8
� ubiquitous |yo � � bikw � t � s| Prescence of IT-artefacts adjective present, appearing, or found everywhere : his ubiquitous influence was felt by all the family | cowboy hats are ubiquitous among the male singers . DERIVATIVES ubiquitously adve rb ubiquito usness noun ubiquity |-w � t � | noun ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from modern Latin ubiquitas (from Latin ubique ‘ever ywhere, ’ from ubi ‘where’ ) + -ous . Thesaurus ubiquitous adjective the ubiquitous golden arches of burgerdom OMNIPRESENT, ever-present, everywhere, all over the place, pervasive, universal, worldwide, global; rife, prevalent, far-reaching, inescapable ANTONYM rare. � 07 10 29 - 9 07 10 29 - 10 Ubiquitous Computing • In short about what happens when we become surrounded by IT-artefacts in our daily and working lives • Distributed interactive computing permeating the world • Perspectives – Computer Science – Sociological Science – Interaction Design • Talk some about ID next 07 10 29 - 11 07 10 29 - 12
Impact Prescence of IT-artefacts 07 10 29 - 13 07 10 29 - 14 Interaction Design Design? • Interaction design concerns the design of • …the imaginative jump from present facts to computer-based products and systems with a focus future possibilities on their intended use. – Page 1966 – Interaction Design | Chalmers 2006 • A goal-directed problem-solving activity – Archer 1966 • The design of everything that is both digital and • The optimum solution to the sum of the true needs interactive. of a particular set of circumstances – Moggridge 2007 – Matchett 1968 • The shaping of use-oriented qualities of a digital artifact – Löwgren 07 10 29 - 15 07 10 29 - 16
Design materials 07 10 29 - 17 07 10 29 - 18 The IT Material Some Properties • The design material of Ubiquitous Computing • Behaviour the result of executing a program • Changes over time - Temporal Gestalt • Device for interaction - Spatial Gestalt • Flexible • Time - Interaction 07 10 29 - 19 07 10 29 - 20
Over Time Interaction Design Components Interaction Design HCI Graphic Design Human Factors Product Design Cognitive Science Digitial Art Ergonomics Computer Science … … 07 10 29 - 21 07 10 29 - 22 Movie Interaction Design Practice • Establish needs and requirements • I/O-Brush • loop – Experimenting with the IT-material – Develop alternative designs • Playful Interaction – Build interactive prototypes for communication – Ubicomp environment? and assessment • Non-traditional interaction – Evaluate the design based on the prototypes • Distributed through environment • end loop • … • More about this later 07 10 29 - 23 07 10 29 - 24
History of Interaction History of Interaction • Before proceeding with Ubiquitous • Era 1: Mainframes (past) Central, “powerful” and Computing something about how our expensive computer interaction with IT-artefacts has evolved Many users access a single computer from “dumb” over time terminals Used for enterprise data processing • Cobol, data bases, etc.. Computer not easily accessible 07 10 29 - 25 07 10 29 - 26 History of Interaction History of Interaction • Era II: Personal computers • Era III: Post-PC (future) (present) Explosion in number and variety of computing “Powerful” and relatively devices inexpensive computers A number of devices/machines share one user At least one machine per user Devices (inexpensive) vary in complexity and Used for word processing, function personal productivity Used to make “our lives better” applications, video, audio etc Computers become “invisible” • Powerpoint, MS Word, Web browser etc.. Computer still not that accessible 07 10 29 - 27 07 10 29 - 28
Three Waves • Mainframe computing (60’s-70’s) – massive computers to execute big data processing applications Movie – very few computers in the world • Desktop computing (80’s-90’s) – one computer at every desk to help in business-related activities – computers connected in intranets to a massive global network The Office of the Professional (internet), all wired • Ubiquitous computing (00’s-?) 1981 - before the mouse – tens/hundreds of computing devices in every room/person, becoming “invisible” and part of the environment – WANs, LANs, PANs – networking in small spaces 07 10 29 - 29 07 10 29 - 30 Ubiquitous Computing Ubicomp Vision • Coined by Mark Weiser and researchers at Xerox The computer for the 21st century“ (1991) Palo Alto in the late 80s. As technology becomes more embedded and invisible, it calms • Computers as we know them will be replaced by a our lives by removing the annoyances... multitude of networked computing devices embedded in our environments, and these devices The most profound technologies are those that disappear. will be invisible in the sense of not being They weave themselves into fabric of everyday life until they perceived as computers. are indistinguishable from it. • Ubiquitous computing pushes the user interface away from the desktop and into our everyday environments. 07 10 29 - 31 07 10 29 - 32
Original Vision Software Public Interactions Agents • Film Ubiquitous Computing Mobile-Nomadic Invisible/Silent/Calm Computing Interfaces UbiCompIntro.mov Mechatronics Ubiquitous UbiCompClose.mov Computing Tangible Embedded interfaces computers Context Wearable sensitivity Computing Augmented Adaptive Ad hoc Reality services Networks 07 10 29 - 34 UC Issues UC Issues • How can we enhance [everyday] activities • HCI how to address many computers (without going insane) by connecting them to a computational • Security & Privacy infrastructure? Wireless data, overcoming surveillance • Communications & Networking • How can we design IT-artefacts and IT- Home Networks, Personal Area Networks, Ad-hoc Networks • Operating Systems environments using computational Must fit in small memories, energy aware technology as a material? • Hardware Design Small size, low weight, low power, harsh environments • What computational infrastructure do we • Software Design need? Cope with large variation in hardware, partition the code to be easily customized in different environments 07 10 29 - 35 07 10 29 - 36
Tangible Interfaces • Example area involved in Ubiquitous Movie Computing • Replace the ordinary interaction model • Where atoms meet bits Medicine Cabinet – Tangible = capable of being perceived Ubicomp knows who you are especially by the sense of touch 07 10 29 - 37 07 10 29 - 38 The Vision Tangible Computing • Bishop’s Marble Answering Machine • Allow users to “grasp and manipulate” bits – physical interaction with digital information by coupling the bits with everyday things • Bridge cyberspace and physical space • Bridge foreground and background of human activities • Turn the physical world into the environment 07 10 29 - 39 07 10 29 - 40
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