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NE-1020 Coordinated Variety Trials: The view from 40,000 feet Tim Martinson Sr Extension Associate Cornell University The Northern Grapes Project is funded by the USDAs Specialty Crops Research Initiative Program of the National Institute

  1. NE-1020 Coordinated Variety Trials: The view from 40,000 feet Tim Martinson Sr Extension Associate Cornell University The Northern Grapes Project is funded by the USDA’s Specialty Crops Research Initiative Program of the National Institute for Food and Agriculture, Project #2011-51181-30850

  2. NE-1020 Coordinated Variety Trials: The view from 40,000 feet

  3. NE-1020 Coordinated Variety Trials: The view from 40,000 feet Vine Performance at 11 Locations over 5 years

  4. NE-1020 Coordinated Variety Trials: The view from 40,000 feet Outline: • Yield and Quality • Timing (Phenology) • Vine Balance metrics • Impact of Winter Injury Vine Performance at 11 Locations over 5 years

  5. The Plantings via Google Earth (6 of 11) Brookings, SD Ames, IA Willsboro, NY Burlington, VT Geneva, NY Traverse City, MI

  6. NE-1020 Coordinated Variety Trials How does environment affect yield & quality? Climate and standard maturity indices Vine performance and climate • Eval: Yield and quality vs. climate indices • Data from 3-9 sites/variety

  7. Cultivar Performance winter lows, heat units, early budburst 2500 GDD F

  8. Cultivar Performance winter lows, heat units, early budburst 2000 1800 2500 GDD F 3200

  9. Cultivar Performance winter lows, heat units, early budburst 2000 1800 Maritime 2500 GDD F (Water Moderated) Continental 3200

  10. Weather and Growing Degree Days 30 year average 1980-2010 440 Monthly GDD in C (Base 10 ° C) 2400 GDD ° F 3200 GDD ° F 330 1800 GDD ° F 220 110 0

  11. NE-1020 Data Protocol

  12. NE-1020 Data Protocol

  13. NE-1020 Blocks With Northern Cultivars

  14. NE-1020 Blocks With Northern Cultivars

  15. What Can We Learn from Cultivar Evaluations? Can variety X be grown profitably in environment Y? • How often can we expect winter injury? • Is there enough heat to ripen them consistently? • What fruit composition is typical for region?

  16. What Can We Learn from Cultivar Evaluations? Can variety X be grown profitably in environment Y? • How often can we expect winter injury? • Is there enough heat to ripen them consistently? • What fruit composition is typical for region? Benchmarks:  4 T/acre of fruit, 5 yr average. • • Low frequency winter injury • Budburst and spring frosts • Acids, sugars and pH in acceptable ranges.

  17. Yields

  18. Yields and Vine spacing 2 measures: Lb/vine T/acre

  19. Yields and Vine spacing 10 x 8 = 545 vines/acre 2 measures: 10 x 7 = 622 vines/acre Lb/vine 10 x 6 = 726 vines/acre T/acre 9 x 8 = 605 vines/acre 9 x 7 = 691 vines/acre 9 x 6 = 807 vines/acre

  20. Yields: Frontenac Titratable Range: Site EvalYear Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acidity (g/l) • 5.5-28 lb/vine SD 2 yr 5.5 1.7 26.3 12.2 CT Site 1 5 yr 6.7 2.7 3.56 22.1 11.7 • 1.7- 8.6 T/acre IA 5 yr 7.7 2.1 3.35 26.1 10.8 CT Site 2 5 yr 9.4 2.8 3.33 24.9 10.1 • 21.2-26.3° Brix ND 5 yr 10.5 2.9 3.10 25.9 18.4 VT 7 Yr 11.0 4.8 3.19 23.2 16.8 MI Site 2 6 yr 12.7 4.4 3.08 21.2 14.0 • 9.6-18.4 TA (g/l) NY- Willsboro 7 yr 24.4 8.6 2.93 22.4 15.6 MA 2 yr 28.0 7.7 23.5 9.6

  21. Yields: Frontenac Titratable Range: Site EvalYear Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acidity (g/l) • 5.5-28 lb/vine SD 2 yr 5.5 1.7 26.3 12.2 CT Site 1 5 yr 6.7 2.7 3.56 22.1 11.7 • 1.7- 8.6 T/acre IA 5 yr 7.7 2.1 3.35 26.1 10.8 CT Site 2 5 yr 9.4 2.8 3.33 24.9 10.1 • 21.2-26.3° Brix ND 5 yr 10.5 2.9 3.10 25.9 18.4 VT 7 Yr 11.0 4.8 3.19 23.2 16.8 MI Site 2 6 yr 12.7 4.4 3.08 21.2 14.0 • 9.6-18.4 TA (g/l) NY- Willsboro 7 yr 24.4 8.6 2.93 22.4 15.6 MA 2 yr 28.0 7.7 23.5 9.6

  22. Yields: Frontenac Gris Range: Titratable Site Year Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acid (g/l) • 6.8-24.2 lb/vine ND 5 yr 6.8 1.9 3.15 26.8 13.5 CT-1 4 yr 7.2 2.9 3.5 24.0 8.7 • 1.9- 8.0 T/acre MI-3 5 yr 10.3 3.6 3.1 23.8 10.2 NY- • 22.9-26.8° Brix Willsboro 8 yr 24.2 8.0 2.97 22.9 15.0 • 8.7-15.0 TA (g/l)

  23. Yields: Frontenac Gris Range: Titratable Site Year Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acid (g/l) • 6.8-24.2 lb/vine ND 5 yr 6.8 1.9 3.15 26.8 13.5 CT-1 4 yr 7.2 2.9 3.5 24.0 8.7 • 1.9- 8.0 T/acre MI-3 5 yr 10.3 3.6 3.1 23.8 10.2 NY- • 22.9-26.8° Brix Willsboro 8 yr 24.2 8.0 2.97 22.9 15.0 • 8.7-15.0 TA (g/l)

  24. Yields: La Crescent Titratable Range: Site Comment EvalYear Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acidity SD 2 ‘ no crop ’ 2 yr 4.7 1.4 3.0 27.1 13.9 • 4.7-18.9 lb/vine ND 1 ‘ no crop ’ 6.3 1.7 3.49 23.4 19.6 IA 5 yr 9.1 2.5 3.30 24.0 10.0 • 1.4-6.6 T/acre VT 7 yr 9.8 3.6 3.1 21.8 15.5 MI Site 2 2 ‘ no crop ’ 6 yr 10.3 3.6 3.1 22.7 11.4 • 19.1-27.1° Brix MI site 3 2 ‘ no crop ’ 10.5 3.6 3.3 20.2 7.9 NY- Geneva 6 yr 13.5 5.7 3.4 24.3 9.8 • 4.5?-19.6 TA (g/l) MA 2 yr 13.7 3.8 19.1 4.5 NY-Willsboro 8 yr 18.9 6.6 3.2 22.3 13.3

  25. Yields: La Crescent Titratable Range: Site Comment EvalYear Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acidity SD 2 ‘ no crop ’ 2 yr 4.7 1.4 3.0 27.1 13.9 • 4.7-18.9 lb/vine ND 1 ‘ no crop ’ 6.3 1.7 3.49 23.4 19.6 IA 5 yr 9.1 2.5 3.30 24.0 10.0 • 1.4-6.6 T/acre VT 7 yr 9.8 3.6 3.1 21.8 15.5 MI Site 2 2 ‘ no crop ’ 6 yr 10.3 3.6 3.1 22.7 11.4 • 19.1-27.1° Brix MI site 3 2 ‘ no crop ’ 10.5 3.6 3.3 20.2 7.9 NY- Geneva 6 yr 13.5 5.7 3.4 24.3 9.8 • 4.5?-19.6 TA (g/l) MA 2 yr 13.7 3.8 19.1 4.5 NY-Willsboro 8 yr 18.9 6.6 3.2 22.3 13.3

  26. Yields: Marquette Range: Titr Site Comment EvalYear Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acid • 3.1-19.4 lb/vine CT Site 1 4 yr 3.1 1.3 3.78 22.3 9.1 ND 1 ‘no crop’ 5 yr 4.0 1.1 3.03 27.4 12.6 CT Site 2 4 yr 5.0 1.5 3.55 25.3 7.2 • 1.1-6.0 T/acre SD 2 of 4 no crop 2 yr 5.6 1.7 2.98 28.3 8.3 IA 5 yr 9.7 2.6 3.37 25.5 8.8 VT 7 yr 10.9 4.0 3.07 24.5 14.2 • 22.2-27.4° Brix MA 2 yr 14.3 4.1 23.3 8.3 MI Site 3 17.0 6.0 3.29 22.2 8.3 • 7.9-14.2 TA (g/l) NY Willsboro 8 yr 17.6 6.1 3.09 23.4 11.3 MI Site 1 3 ‘ no crop ’ 6 yr 19.4 7.2 3.45 24.0 7.9

  27. Yields: Marquette Range: Titr Site Comment EvalYear Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acid • 3.1-19.4 lb/vine CT Site 1 4 yr 3.1 1.3 3.78 22.3 9.1 ND 1 ‘no crop’ 5 yr 4.0 1.1 3.03 27.4 12.6 CT Site 2 4 yr 5.0 1.5 3.55 25.3 7.2 • 1.1-6.0 T/acre SD 2 of 4 no crop 2 yr 5.6 1.7 2.98 28.3 8.3 IA 5 yr 9.7 2.6 3.37 25.5 8.8 VT 7 yr 10.9 4.0 3.07 24.5 14.2 • 22.2-27.4° Brix MA 2 yr 14.3 4.1 23.3 8.3 MI Site 3 17.0 6.0 3.29 22.2 8.3 • 7.9-14.2 TA (g/l) NY Willsboro 8 yr 17.6 6.1 3.09 23.4 11.3 MI Site 1 3 ‘ no crop ’ 6 yr 19.4 7.2 3.45 24.0 7.9

  28. Yields: St Croix Titr Range: Site Comment EvalYear Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acid CT Site1 4 yr 4.2 1.7 4.06 19.0 5.1 • 4.2-24.2 lb/vine CT Site 2 4 yr 4.9 1.5 3.65 21.4 5.1 ND 5 yr 7.6 2.1 3.18 23.0 9.6 MI – Site 2 1 ‘ no crop ’ 6 yr 9.7 3.4 3.5 19.8 7.1 • 1.5-7.5 T/acre SD 2 of 4 no crop 2 yr 10.1 3.1 3.37 14.3 10.9 NY-Geneva 6 yr 10.7 4.5 3.6 20.0 7.3 • 14.3-23.0° Brix VT 7 yr 11.6 4.2 3.13 18.7 9.0 MI – Site 3 6 yr 12.7 4.4 3.4 19.3 6.8 • 5.1-10.9 TA (g/l) IA 5 yr 14.0 3.8 3.52 19.0 6.7 NY-Willsboro 7 yr 17.4 6.0 4.26 18.9 9.9 MA 2 yr 24.2 7.5 20.0 5.9

  29. Yields: St Croix Titr Range: Site Comment EvalYear Lb/vine T/acre ph Brix Acid CT Site1 4 yr 4.2 1.7 4.06 19.0 5.1 • 4.2-24.2 lb/vine CT Site 2 4 yr 4.9 1.5 3.65 21.4 5.1 ND 5 yr 7.6 2.1 3.18 23.0 9.6 MI – Site 2 1 ‘ no crop ’ 6 yr 9.7 3.4 3.5 19.8 7.1 • 1.5-7.5 T/acre SD 2 of 4 no crop 2 yr 10.1 3.1 3.37 14.3 10.9 NY-Geneva 6 yr 10.7 4.5 3.6 20.0 7.3 • 14.3-23.0° Brix VT 7 yr 11.6 4.2 3.13 18.7 9.0 MI – Site 3 6 yr 12.7 4.4 3.4 19.3 6.8 • 5.1-10.9 TA (g/l) IA 5 yr 14.0 3.8 3.52 19.0 6.7 NY-Willsboro 7 yr 17.4 6.0 4.26 18.9 9.9 MA 2 yr 24.2 7.5 20.0 5.9

  30. Phenology (by site): Budburst Date May 26 May 8 April 1

  31. Phenology (by site): Budburst Date May 26 May 8 April 1 2012

  32. Phenology (by site): Degree Days at Budburst 200 (Base 50 F) 140 (Base 50 F) 100 (Base 50 F)

  33. Phenology (by site): Degree Days at Budburst 200 (Base 50 F) 140 (Base 50 F) 100 (Base 50 F) Water-Moderated in Spring

  34. Phenology (by site): Degree Days at Budburst Continental 200 (Base 50 F) 140 (Base 50 F) 100 (Base 50 F) Water-Moderated in Spring

  35. Phenology (by site): Harvest Date Oct 7 Sept 22 Sept 12 August 18

  36. Phenology (by site): Harvest Date Oct 7 Sept 22 Sept 12 2012 August 18

  37. Phenology: Growing Degree Days at Harvest 2800 GDD 2450 GDD 2200 GDD

  38. Phenology: Growing Degree Days at Harvest 2800 GDD 2450 GDD 2200 GDD

  39. Maturity at Harvest: Soluble Solids (°Brix) 22.5 °Brix

  40. Maturity at Harvest: Titratable Acidity (g/l) 11.0 g/liter

  41. GDD and Maturity: Titratable Acidity (g/l) 11.0 g/liter

  42. Phenology: Growing Degree Days at Harvest 2800 GDD 2450 GDD 2200 GDD

  43. Are they balanced? • Pruning Weights (vine size) • Yield per foot of canopy • Ravaz index (Yield to pruning weight ratio)

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