The role of gender and experience in cycle preferences and behaviour in the UK Anna Watt @talktoAnnaWatt e: Anna.RadfordWatt@MottMac.com
Lit Review & Aims • Perception of safety is gendered: • Validate existing research: Fill leads women to choose less the non-London UK based trafficked routes, even at the cycling research on gender expense of journey time. preferences. • Most studies carried out in the • Scope for further analysis of the USA and Australia, less in the use of protective clothing UK. (helmets and hi-vis) and attitudes towards their use. • Conflicting information across • Establish if training/type of geographies with regard to the use of helmets and hi-vis. cycling and amount of experience affects preferences.
Mixed method 1. Revealed preference survey 2. Stated preference survey 3. Policy interviews This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Revealed preference survey • Parallel routes S Birmingham to city centre • Contrasting provision Male 67% 26% 7% • 8 - 9.30am three consecutive Tuesdays in September 2016 after schools back Female 83% 6% 11% • 307 cyclists observed: • 28% female • 72% male 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Cycle path Road SU Path • Significant for road use (men > women)
Stated preference results • SurveyMonkey Nov-Dec 2016 • Type of cycling: • More female non-cyclists and off- • 970 respondents: road recreational, more male • 40% female mountain bikers. • 59% male • Level of experience: • 1% ‘Other’ and ‘Prefer not to say’ • More men with 10 years +, more • Preferred and Safest routes (Top women with none, or < 1 year 3) – 10 types of provision • Cycle training: • Use of hi-vis and helmets • Little difference (covered later)
Preferred and Safest Route Choice 8% Male 39% 4% 35% 3% Male 59% 3% 32% 2% 4% Female 52% 5% 25% 4% Female 54% 3% 31% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Off-R (Park) Off-R (Canal) On-R (Fully kerb seg) Off-R (Park) Off-R (Canal) On-R (Fully kerb seg) On-R Light Seg (wands) On-R Light Seg (armadillos) On-R Advisory CL On-R Light Seg (wands) On-R Light Seg (armadillos) On-R Advisory CL On-R Mandatory CL On-R Bus Lane SU pavement (no line) On-R Mandatory CL On-R Bus Lane SU pavement (no line) SU pavement (with line) SU pavement (with line) Preferred route (1 st choice) Safest route (1 st choice)
Qualitative feedback Who is cycling (age, ability) Who is cycling (age, ability) Filtered permeability/quiet road Filtered permeability/quiet road Cycle culture Cycle culture Type of cycling affects preferences Type of cycling affects preferences Attractive (Personal safety) Attractive (Personal safety) Attractive Attractive Comfort (cycle lane issues) Comfort (cycle lane issues) Comfort (width) Comfort (width) Direct (junction priority) Direct (junction priority) Direct (reduce stopping) Direct (reduce stopping) Safe (Canal/River) Safe (Canal/River) Safe (Junction design) Safe (Junction design) Safe (Shared-use) Safe (Shared-use) Safe (Other cyclists) Safe (Other cyclists) Safe (Motor traffic) Safe (Motor traffic) Coherence Coherence 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Male Female Male Female Preferred route Safest route
1 st Preferred Route by Type of Cycling (%) 100% 100% 90% 90% 38% 80% 80% 51% 54% 70% 70% 63% 75% 76% 60% 60% 15% 50% 50% 10% 11% 40% 40% 6% 30% 30% 46% 4% 20% 20% 39% 11% 35% 31% 21% 10% 10% 13% 0% 0% Off-road cycling On-road cycling Non-cyclist Off-road cycling On-road cycling Non-cyclist experience experience experience experience On-road segregation On-road mixed with traffic Off-road On-road segregation On-road mixed with traffic Off-road Female Male
1 st Safest Route by Type of Cycling (%) 100% 100% 90% 90% 80% 80% 57% 58% 70% 60% 70% 62% 71% 60% 60% 82% 50% 50% 2% 2% 40% 40% 1% 2% 30% 30% 1% 20% 40% 20% 40% 39% 36% 5% 28% 10% 10% 13% 0% 0% Off-road cycling On-road cycling Non-cyclist Off-road cycling On-road cycling Non-cyclist experience experience experience experience On-road segregation On-road mixed with traffic Off-road On-road segregation On-road mixed with traffic Off-road Female Male
1 st Preferred Route by Level of Experience (%) 100% 100% 90% 90% 28% 30% 33% 80% 80% 44% 44% 44% 46% 48% 50% 55% 57% 70% 70% 71% 73% 72% 77% 60% 60% 84% 50% 50% 40% 40% 67% 30% 30% 53% 49% 44% 43% 43% 42% 41% 20% 20% 38% 36% 32% 22% 10% 20% 10% 19% 17% 16% 0% 0% Non-cyclist Little Occasional Up to 1 Up to 2 Up to 5 Up to 10 More than Non-cyclist Little Occasional Up to 1 Up to 2 Up to 5 Up to 10 More than experience cyclist year years years years 10 years experience cyclist year years years years 10 years On-road segregation On-road shared Off-road On-road segregation On-road shared Off-road Female Male
1 st Safest Route by Level of Experience (%) 100% 100% 90% 90% 80% 80% 44% 50% 53% 53% 58% 58% 70% 60% 70% 65% 67% 67% 67% 68% 69% 77% 60% 60% 83% 50% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 53% 50% 43% 42% 42% 41% 20% 40% 20% 33% 33% 33% 29% 24% 23% 10% 10% 17% 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% Non-cyclist Little Occasional Up to 1 Up to 2 Up to 5 Up to 10 More than Non-cyclist Little Occasional Up to 1 year Up to 2 Up to 5 Up to 10 More than experience cyclist year years years years 10 years experience cyclist years years years 10 years On-road segregation On-road shared Off-road On-road segregation On-road shared Off-road Female Male
1 st Preferred Route by Training (%) Training 49% 4% 24% Training 38% 5% 36% No training 50% 6% 27% No training 41% 3% 35% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Off-R (Park) Off-R (Canal) On-R (Fully kerb seg) Off-R (Park) Off-R (Canal) On-R (Fully kerb seg) On-R Light Seg (wands) On-R Light Seg (armadillos) On-R Advisory CL On-R Light Seg (wands) On-R Light Seg (armadillos) On-R Advisory CL On-R Mandatory CL On-R Bus Lane SU pavement (no line) On-R Mandatory CL On-R Bus Lane SU pavement (no line) SU pavement (with line) SU pavement (with line) Female Male
1 st Safest Route by Training (%) Training 49% 3% 34% 6% Training 59% 4% 32% No training 59% 3% 32% No training 58% 4% 29% 4% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Off-R (Park) Off-R (Canal) On-R (Fully kerb seg) Off-R (Park) Off-R (Canal) On-R (Fully kerb seg) On-R Light Seg (wands) On-R Light Seg (armadillos) On-R Advisory CL On-R Light Seg (wands) On-R Light Seg (armadillos) On-R Advisory CL On-R Mandatory CL On-R Bus Lane SU pavement (no line) On-R Mandatory CL On-R Bus Lane SU pavement (no line) SU pavement (with line) SU pavement (with line) Female Male
Hi-Vis: Revealed vs. Stated Male 34% 66% Male 65% 35% Female 40% 60% Female 47% 53% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% No Yes No Yes Revealed Stated
Helmet: Revealed vs. Stated Male 23% 77% Male 25% 75% Female 19% 81% Female 20% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% No Yes No Yes Revealed Stated
Issues • Survey didn’t give option for Off - • Gender identification didn’t road commuting: Used prove difficult (or assumed not qualitative feedback to code to be) where available • 13 th Sept 2016 (Bristol Road) one • Geographical location of hottest that year – affect use of hi-vis and helmets? • Type of cycling for which • Definition of hi-vis preferences apply • Route choice/availability
Policy implications • Evidence to support gendered • There may be a limit to the preferences for infrastructure reach that behavioural change programmes can achieve • It may be necessary to provide without the availability of the safe off-road routes for those desired infrastructure to support new to cycling to build women to cycle more. confidence, and as confidence grows those people may then feel more able to use on-road provision.
Questions? For any questions, or for copies of my dissertation and/or underlying data, please contact me at @talktoAnnaWatt Anna.RadfordWatt@MottMac.com
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