The politjcal representatjon of women & ethnic groups in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The politjcal representatjon of women & ethnic groups in legislatures around the world Didier Ruedin University of the Witwatersrand & University of Neuchâtel BAGGS Bamberg, 25 May 2018

Women Ethnic groups Relatjonship

Representatjon can be descriptjve or substantjve R L R L R L R L R L L R R

There are many reasons to insist on descriptjve representatjon CC-by Tony Fischer htups:/ /fmic.kr/p/5ictUB ; CC-by Tim Pierce htups:/ /fmic.kr/p/aFJUtD ; CC-by Billie Grace Ward htups:/ /fmic.kr/p/B7gwWJ ; CC-by-nc-nd SCFiasco htups:/ /fmic.kr/p/HUwpRY : CC-by-nc-nd Wanda Ostojowna htups:/ /fmic.kr/p/fyuF1t

A framework of descriptjve representatjon Politjcal Context Vote Legislature Citjzens Salience Attjtudes Candidates Electoral System

Measuring ethnic representatjon   n      ERS 1 1 Z , i R , i 2 i 1 Populatjon Representatjves

Women are not equally represented

Bivariate associatjon for women are as expected PR systems – yes Party quotas – yes Legislatjve quotas – yes Politjcal rights – yes Old democracies – yes Attjtudes – yes

There is a strong correlatjon between attjtudes and the representatjon of women

Cultural factors seem to dominate the representatjon of women

Ethnic groups are not equally represented

Bivariate associatjon for ethnic groups are mixed PR systems – no Quotas – (yes) Politjcal rights – no Old democracies – no Attjtudes – yes Heterogeneity – yes (control)

Cultural factors seem important for the representatjon of ethnic groups

First summary Women Ethnic Groups Electoral System Yes* No Quotas Yes * (Yes) Politjcal Rights Yes Yes * Old Democracy Yes No Attjtudes Yes ** Yes ** ** consistently * in some models, not consistently; bivariate only

Three expectatjons for the relatjonship between the two Positjve correlatjon Politjcal system Culture Negatjve correlatjon Trade-ofg between including women or ethnic minority groups Salience Importance of social cleavage

Expectatjon for a direct relatjonship High correlatjon Substantjvely difgerent from zero Sign: positjve or negatjve

Results for a direct relatjonship High correlatjon → r = 0.05 Substantjvely difgerent from zero → no Sign: positjve or negatjve

Expectatjon for salience Heterogeneous Homogeneous Women low high Ethnic high low Groups

Results in line with (relatjve) salience Heterogeneous Homogeneous Women 0.30 0.34 Ethnic 0.63 0.28 Groups

In summary, attjtudes dominate and salience seems to matuer Limited evidence for instjtutjonal factor but implementatjon matuers