Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Child Racial and Ethnic - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Child Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Child W lf W lf Welfare System: Welfare System: S S t t New York City Compared to Rest of State (Outside of New York City Compared to Rest of State (Outside of NYC), 2009 Compared to 2010 and Comparison of NYC) 2009 Compared to 2010 and Comparison of NYC), 2009 Compared to 2010 and Comparison of NYC) 2009 Compared to 2010 and Comparison of Selected Counties Selected Counties Vajeera Dorabawila, Ph.D. Bureau of Evaluation and Research July 13, 2011 NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 1

I t I t Introduction Introduction d d ti ti � DMR Indicators with DMR Indicators with • 2010 data. • Comparing changes from 2009 to 2010. Comparing changes from 2009 to 2010. � Including of changes for Native American children. • Comparison of changes for selected counties, particularly in foster care admissions and in foster ti l l i f t d i i d i f t care. NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 2

Measures Measures � Disproportionality Disproportionality � Rate per 1 000 in population Rate per 1,000 in population � Disparity Rate Disparity Rate NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 3

Di Di Disproportionality Disproportionality ti ti lit lit � Disproportionality exists when a group � Disproportionality exists when a group makes up a proportion of those experiencing some event (SCR report or foster care placement) that is higher or lower than that placement) that is higher or lower than that group’s proportion in the population � For example: Is the proportion of black children placed in foster care greater than expected given black children’s presence in p g p the overall population? NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 4

New York City: Children <18 Years New York City: Children <18 Years Race/Ethnic Distribution of Children in Child Welfare System, 2010 Race/Ethnic Distribution of Children in Child Welfare System, 2010 11.5% 8.5% 100% 0.0% 12.6% 7.6% 3.6% 3 6% 12.5% 7.2% 4.0% 0.0% 8.5% 0.1% 0.0% 0.3% 80% 0.1% Unknown 32.0% 27.5% 40.4% Other 38.7% 29.0% 60% 60% Native/Alaska Hispanic 28.2% 40% Black 53.8% 38 7% 38.7% 41 5% 41.5% 46.6% 46 6% White 20% 27.0% 7.1% 6.0% 3.8% 3.3% 0% Child P Child Population l ti U i Unique Children in Child i U i Unique Children in Child i U i Unique Children Child Unique Children In U i Child I (n=1,973,112) SCR Reports Indicated Reports Entering Foster Care Care (n=12,949) (n=75,016) (n=32,617) (n=6,449) Unknown 0 8,594 2,779 813 980 Other 246,148 3,026 1,162 547 930 Native/Alaska 6,823 18 7 7 16 Hispanic 631,524 29,022 13,163 1,867 3,565 Black 556,605 29,041 13,546 3,004 6,963 White 532,012 5,315 1,960 211 495 NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 5

Rest of State: Children <18 Years Rest of State: Children <18 Years Race/Ethnic Distribution of Children in Child Welfare System, 2010 Race/Ethnic Distribution of Children in Child Welfare System, 2010 1.9% 1.2% 13.0% 100% 10.7% 0.0% 7.4% 8.5% 3.7% 3.7% 0.4% 11.5% 0.9% 0.8% 5.6% 5.0% 10.1% 9.2% 0.4% 0.4% 80% 11.2% 12.5% Unknown 12.1% Other 28.5% 30.4% 16.5% 16.9% 16.9% 60% 60% Native/Other Hispanic 40% 73.2% Black 54 1% 54.1% 52 7% 52.7% 51.3% 51 3% 49.8% White 20% 0% Child P Child Population l ti Unique Children in U i Child i Unique Children in U i Child i U i Unique Children Child Unique Children In U i Child I (n=2,489,326) SCR Reports Indicated Reports Entering Foster Care Care (n=7,580) (n=142,529) (n=43,296) (n=4,959) Unknown 0 18,469 4,653 95 93 Oth Other 92 637 92,637 7 062 7,062 2 426 2,426 365 365 644 644 Native/Alaska 10,156 560 187 44 62 Hispanic 285,705 17,181 5,421 500 696 Black 279,068 24,149 7,165 1,411 2,307 White 1821,760 75,108 23,434 2,544 3,778 NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 6

Black Children are Overrepresented at All Black Children are Overrepresented at All Stages of the Child Welfare System Stages of the Child Welfare System Stages of the Child Welfare System Stages of the Child Welfare System � In both NYC and rest of state, black children make up a substantially higher percentage p y g p g of the child welfare population at each stage in the process than their share of the general population of children under 18 general population of children under 18. � The overrepresentation of black children increases steadily with progression through increases steadily with progression through the child welfare system, from SCR report to foster care placement. NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 7

Use of Percentage Distribution Use of Percentage Distribution Only Only Can Can be Misleading be Misleading be Misleading be Misleading � For example for ROS 2010: The percent of black children increased from 11.2% in the % child population to 30.4% for children in care. As a result, share of the “pie” for those other than black is smaller at the in care stage than black is smaller at the in care stage. � Proportion Hispanic children is an example of opo t o spa c c d e s a e a p e o a category impact. � Creates the need to use several different C t th d t l diff t indicators as is in this presentation. NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 8

“Unknown” Race/Ethnicity “Unknown” Race/Ethnicity � For both NYC and ROS proportion of SCR � For both NYC and ROS proportion of SCR reports and indicated reports with “unknown” race/ethnicity remains high in both years. y g y � In rest of state the proportion with “unknown” race/ethnicity for admissions and in care continues to decrease. ti t d • Important in comparing changes, particularly in examining changes for Native American children. � In NYC, “unknown” proportion for admissions and in care has increased. NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 9

Rate per 1,000 in Population Rate per 1,000 in Population Rate per 1,000 in Population Rate per 1,000 in Population � The rate per 1,000 is an indicator of how many children from each specific racial/ethnic group children from each specific racial/ethnic group have contact with the child welfare system (at various decision points) compared to their various decision points) compared to their representation in the general population. Black Black Admission Rate per, Children ROS 1,000 in ROS 2010 Population<18 279,068 1,411 X 1000 = 5.056 Admissions<18 1,411 279,068 NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 10

New York City: Changes from 2009 to 2010 in Rate of Children Reported New York City: Changes from 2009 to 2010 in Rate of Children Reported to SCR, and Indicated for Abuse/Neglect Per 1,000 Children < 18 in to SCR, and Indicated for Abuse/Neglect Per 1,000 Children < 18 in Population Population p 60 en <18 in 54.1 52.2 2009 (SCR Reports n=76,146; Indicated 50 Reports n=33,598) 46.0 45.4 1,000 Childre Population 2010 (SCR Reports n=75,016; Indicated 40 Reports n=32,617) 30 25.3 24.3 Rate per 21 0 21.0 20.8 20 10.2 10.0 10 3.7 3.7 3.3 2.6 1 0 1.0 1.0 1 0 0 Black Hispanic Native/Al White Black Hispanic Native/Al White Reports Indications • The change in rate of children (per 1,000 children) reported and indicated from 2009 to 2010, if any, has been a decrease. The only exception, if any, is Hispanic children with a nominal increase in rate per 1,000 for reports. p , p NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 11

Rest of State: Changes from 2009 to 2010 in Rate of Children Reported to Rest of State: Changes from 2009 to 2010 in Rate of Children Reported to SCR, and Indicated for Abuse/Neglect Per 1,000 Children < 18 in Population SCR, and Indicated for Abuse/Neglect Per 1,000 Children < 18 in Population 100 dren <18 in 86.5 90 82.8 80 2009 (SCR Reports n=136,573; Indicated n Population per 1,000 Child 70 70 Reports n=42 721) Reports n=42,721) 60.1 60 55.6 2010 (SCR Reports n=142,529; Indicated 55.1 54.8 Reports n=43,296) 50 41.2 39.7 40 Rate p 27.5 30 25.7 19.2 19.0 19.0 18.4 20 12.9 12.3 10 0 0 Black Hispanic Native/Al White Black Hispanic Native/Al White Indicated Reports Reports •In this period, rate of children (per 1,000 children) reported increased slightly for all four groups. f ( ) f f •There was a slight decrease for black, Hispanic and Native American children and a slight increase for white children (per 1,000) indicated during this period. •Overall trends is that of no change. O ll d i h f h NYS Office of Children & Family Services NYS Office of Children & Family Services 12