ETHNIC MIGRATION IN BRITAIN: ETHNIC MIGRATION IN BRITAIN: Analyses of census data at district and ward Analyses of census data at district and ward scales scales John Stillwell and Adam Dennett John Stillwell and Adam Dennett School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds g g p y p y y y LS2 9JT LS2 9JT Presentation at the Session on Presentation at the Session on ‘Migration, Mixing and Ethnic Integration’ ‘Migration, Mixing and Ethnic Integration’ at the RGS at the RGS- -IBG Annual Conference, IBG Annual Conference, University of Manchester University of Manchester 26 26 28 A g st 2009 26 26-28 August 2009 28 A g st 2009 28 August 2009
Acknowledgements • ESRC Small Grant within the UPTAP programme entitled ‘Internal Migration of Britain’s Ethnic Groups’ (RES-163-25-0028) • ESRC Census Programme grant to the Centre for Interaction Data Estimation and Research CIDER (RES 348 25 005) CIDER (RES-348-25-005) • Serena Hussain - the researcher on the UPTAP project from June 2007 to June 2008 UPTAP j t f J 2007 t J 2008 • Terry Familio - at ONS Customer Services for providing the commissioned data idi th i i d d t
Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation • Brief context Brief context • Aims and data used • Ethnic migration at national level: flows and rates Ethnic migration at national level: flows and rates • Ethnic migration at district level: churn, effectiveness and spatial connectivity y • Distance moved and the effect of distance on migration within London • Ethnic migration at ward level outside London : patterns of net migration by population concentration and by level of deprivation concentration and by level of deprivation • Conclusions
Brief context • Plenty of attention has been paid to migration in l last few years t f • Over 6 million people moved usual residence within Britain in 2000-01, of which less than 10% i 2000 01 f hi h l th 10% ithi B it i were non-white ethnic minorities • Increasing number of research studies of ethnic I i b f h t di f th i internal migration: Champion (2005), Stillwell and Duke Williams (2005) Finney and Simpson and Duke-Williams (2005), Finney and Simpson (2008, 2009), Simpson and Finney (2008, 2009), Stillwell et al (2008) Stillwell and Hussain Stillwell et al. (2008) Stillwell and Hussain (2009), Simon (2009), Raymer and Giuletti (2009), ……. and others ( ),
OUR AIMS • To show ethnic and age variation in migration propensities and that non-white migration remains concentrated in certain (urban) parts of the GB • To explore how effective net migration has been in p g distributing ethnic populations across GB • To examine differences in spatial connectivity by To examine differences in spatial connectivity by ethnic group – GB and within London • To assess how the frictional effect of distance varies • To assess how the frictional effect of distance varies by ethnic group – model inter-borough flows within London since inter district matrix is very sparse London since inter-district matrix is very sparse • To examine the relationship at ward level outside L London between net migration and (i) ethnic d b t t i ti d (i) th i population concentration and (ii) deprivation
Firstly…… something about data Firstly…… something about data • All data used come from 2001 Census and refer to the 2000-01 period (12 months before the Census) • Special Migration Statistics provide: - Migrants by age by sex (Table MG201) Migrants by age by sex (Table MG201) - Migrants by ethnic group by sex (Table MG203) i.e. no breakdown of migrants by ethnicity and age i b kd f i t b th i it d • Commissioned tables from ONS: CO711: District to district flows CO723: Part 1: ward to region flows P Part 2: region to ward flows t 2 i t d fl disaggregated by 7 age groups (0-15, 16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-44 45-59 60+) and 7 ethnic groups 30 44, 45 59, 60+) and 7 ethnic groups
Ethnic groups used Ethnic groups used Label Ethnic group defined in Ethnic group defined in Key used in Special Migration Statistics Statistics project (Level 1) White White White British; White Irish; Other White White Indian Indian Indian POSA POSA Pakistani and Other South Pakistani and Other South Pakistani; Bangladeshi; Other Asian Pakistani; Bangladeshi; Other Asian Asian Chinese Chinese Chinese Black Caribbean, African, Black Caribbean; African; Other Black British and Black Other Mixed Mixed Mixed Mixed White and Black Caribbean; White White and Black Caribbean; White and Black African; White and Asian; Other mixed Other Other Other
Ethnic population concentration: location quotients in Ethnic population concentration: location quotients in 2001 by 2001 by decile 2001 by 2001 by decile decile across 408 districts decile across 408 districts across 408 districts across 408 districts Location Quotient: LQ ie = (P ie /P i* )/(P e* /P ** ) Concentration relative to national average Mean LQ e = Σ i LQ ie / Number of districts
How much ethnic group migration occurred in How much ethnic group migration occurred in GB during 2000 GB during 2000- -01? 01? Inter-district Intra-district Total migrants* Ethnic group Number % Number % Number % White 2,215,010 90.4 3,295,652 91.4 5,510,662 91.0 Black 61,748 78,063 139,811 2.5 2.2 2.3 POSA 44,567 1.8 87,051 2.4 131,618 2.2 Indian 50,997 52,460 103,457 2.1 1.5 1.7 Mixed 40,930 1.7 56,519 1.6 97,449 1.6 Other 17,498 18,380 35,878 0.7 0.5 0.6 Chinese 19,476 0.8 16,317 0.5 35,793 0.6 Total Total 2,450,226 2,450,226 100.0 100.0 3,604,442 3,604,442 100.0 100.0 6,054,668 6,054,668 100.0 100.0 * Excludes persons with no usual address 12 months previously (456,736 in total) Source: Special Migration Statistics
Do migration rates vary by ethnic group? Do migration rates vary by ethnic group? Do migration rates vary by ethnic group? Do migration rates vary by ethnic group? 18.0 16.0 Inter-district Intra-district 14.0 Total rates (%) 12.0 10.0 Mirgration r 8.0 6.0 M 4.0 2.0 0.0 White Indian Pak and Chinese Black Mixed Other Total OSA OSA Source: Special Migration Statistics Table MG103 and Standard Table
Are there age variations in migration Are there age variations in migration rates and shares by ethnic group? rates and shares by ethnic group? Source: Commissioned Table CO711
How concentrated is migration by ethnic group: How concentrated is migration by ethnic group: migration churn by district? migration churn by district? migration churn by district? migration churn by district? White flow White rate Churn = In-migration + out-migration + intra-migration
Churn: Three larger non Churn: Three larger non- -white groups white groups I di Indian POSA POSA Bl Black k
Churn: Three smaller non Churn: Three smaller non- -white groups white groups Chinese Chinese Mixed Mixed Oth Other
How does net migration vary by LQ How does net migration vary by LQ decile decile? ? N t Net migration balances Net migration rates i ti b l N t i ti t
How How does does migration effectiveness migration effectiveness vary vary between ethnic groups? between ethnic groups? 20 18 16 16 iveness 14 12 tion effect 10 8 6 6 Migra 4 2 0 Total White Indian POSA Chinese Black Mixed Other Migration effectiveness is computed as 100( ∑ |D i -O i |/ ∑ |D i +O i |) where D i is in-migration and O i is out-migration for district i
Whit Whit White and White and d d non non- -White White migration migration effectiveness effectiveness effectiveness effectiveness (D i -O i )/(D i +O i )*100 ( i O i )/( i O i ) 00
Ethnic migration effectiveness ranked by district Ethnic migration effectiveness ranked by district
What are the levels of district connectivity? What are the levels of district connectivity? Districts most connected by ethnic group migration outflows/inflows White Indian POSA Chinese Black Mixed Other
Connectivity scores between districts in Connectivity scores between districts in Britain and London by ethnic group Britain and London by ethnic group
Migration connectivity of London Migration connectivity of London boroughs for whites and boroughs for whites and blacks in London blacks in London Whit Whites Bl Blacks k
Mean migration distance and frictional effect of Mean migration distance and frictional effect of distance on migration in London distance on migration in London distance on migration in London distance on migration in London
• London is the major concentration of ethnic • London is the major concentration of ethnic minorities in Britain and is the engine of the internal migration system g y • Previous work at ward level shown that within London, areas with high concentrations of , g ethnic minorities are losing ethnic minority migrants in net terms whereas areas of low concentration are gaining non white migrants concentration are gaining non-white migrants i.e. ethnic minorities are deconcentrating • Migrants of all ethnic groups in London are • Migrants of all ethnic groups in London are moving from areas of higher to areas of low deprivation deprivation • What is happening in provincial Britain? • What is happening in provincial Britain?
Recommend
More recommend
