Slide 1 / 163 Slide 2 / 163 Chemistry The Periodic Table 2015-11-16 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 163 Slide 4 / 163 Table of Contents: The Periodic Table Click on the topic to go to that section · Periodic Table The Periodic Table · Periodic Table & Electron Configurations · Effective Nuclear Charge · Periodic Trends: Atomic Radius · Periodic Trends: Ionization Energy · Periodic Trends: Electronegativity · Periodic Trends: Metallic Character Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 163 Slide 6 / 163 Identifying Properties of Atoms Identifying Properties of Atoms Now that we know where We can look at them as individual yet (or approximately where) interacting chemicals, and we are to find the parts of atoms, able to group them based, not only on we can start to the properties they present when in understand how these isolation, but also the properties they factors all come together reveal when exposed to other to affect how we view the elements or compounds. elements.
Slide 7 / 163 Slide 8 / 163 "Periodic" Table of Elements "Periodic" Table of Elements The Periodic Table of Elements Why is one of the most useful tools ever created by humans contains physical and chemical called the "Periodic Table"? information about every element that matter can be made of in the When scientists were organizing the known elements, they Universe. noticed that certain patterns of chemical and physical behavior kept repeating themselves. The Pillars of Creation, part of the Eagle Nebula shown to the right, These elements *is a cloud of interstellar gases are all shiny 7,000 light years from Earth made Courtesy of Hubble Telescope metals and react up of the same gaseous elements violently in water. found on the Periodic Table. *NASA recently captured this image; however, the Pillars of Creation no longer exists. The Eagle Nebula was destroyed by a Supernova around 6000 years ago, but from These elements our viewpoint, it will be visible for another 1000 years. are all very stable gases. Slide 9 / 163 Slide 10 / 163 "Periodic" Table of Elements "Periodic" Table of Elements These patterns were so predictable that Dmitri Mendeleev, the scientist who formulated the Periodic Law, was actually able to predict the existence of elements #31 and #32 and their approximate masses before they were discovered based on the existing patterns of known elements. Gallium, 31 Ga Germanium, 32 Ge Mendeleev's work preceded the discovery of subatomic particles. Slide 11 / 163 Slide 12 / 163 History of the Periodic Table Periodic Table Mendeleev argued that elemental The periodic table is made of rows and columns: properties are periodic functions of their atomic weights. Rows in the periodic table are called Periods. Columns in the periodic table are called Groups. We now know that element properties are periodic functions of their atomic number. Groups are sometimes referred to as Families , but "groups" is more traditional. Atoms are listed on the periodic table in rows, based on number of protons.
Slide 13 / 163 Slide 14 / 163 1 The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged from left groups to right in order of increasing ___. A mass 1 2 B number of neutrons periods 3 4 C number of protons 5 6 * D number of protons and electrons 7 ** * 6 ** 7 Slide 14 (Answer) / 163 Slide 15 / 163 1 The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged from left 2 What is the atomic number for the element in to right in order of increasing ___. period 3, group 16? A mass Answer B number of neutrons D C number of protons D number of protons and electrons [This object is a pull tab] Slide 15 (Answer) / 163 Slide 16 / 163 2 What is the atomic number for the element in 3 What is the atomic number for the element period 3, group 16? in period 5, group 3? Answer 16 [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 16 (Answer) / 163 Slide 17 / 163 Groups of Elements 3 What is the atomic number for the element in period 5, group 3? Answer 6 [This object is a pull tab] Enjoy Tom Lehrer's Famous Element Song! Slide 18 / 163 Slide 19 / 163 Special Groups Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Some groups have distinctive properties and are given special names. The periodic table can be divided into metals (blue) and nonmetals (yellow) . A few elements retain some of the properties of metals and nonmetals, they are called metalloids (pink). Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals Noble Gases Halogens B metals metalloids nonmetals Si Ge As Transition Metals Sb Te ? Slide 20 / 163 Slide 21 / 163 Group 1 Alkali Metals Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals (very reactive metals) (reactive metals) Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals
Slide 22 / 163 Slide 23 / 163 Groups 3 - 12 Transition Metals Group 16 Oxygen Family (low reactivity, typical metals) (elements of fire) Transition Metals Slide 24 / 163 Slide 25 / 163 Group 17 Halogens Group 18 Noble Gases (nearly inert) (highly reactive, nonmetals) Noble Gases Halogens Slide 26 / 163 Slide 27 / 163 Major Groups of the Periodic Table 4 To which group on the periodic table does Iodine belong? Noble Gases A Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals B Noble Gases Alkali Metals Halogens Transition Metals C Halogens D Transition Metals
Slide 27 (Answer) / 163 Slide 28 / 163 4 To which group on the periodic table does Iodine 5 To which group on the periodic table does Neon belong? belong? Alkali Metals Noble Gases A A B Transition Metals Alkali Metals Answer B D Noble Gases Transition Metals C C D Alkaline Earth Metals Halogens D [This object is a pull tab] Slide 28 (Answer) / 163 Slide 29 / 163 5 To which group on the periodic table does Neon 6 To which group on the periodic table does belong? Fluorine belong? Alkali Metals Alkali Metals A A Answer B Transition Metals B Transition Metals C C Noble Gases C Noble Gases Alkaline Earth Metals D Halogens D [This object is a pull tab] Slide 29 (Answer) / 163 Slide 30 / 163 6 To which group on the periodic table does 7 To which group on the periodic table does Iron Fluorine belong? belong? A Alkali Metals A Alkali Metals Transition Metals Transition Metals B B Answer D Noble Gases C Halogens C Halogens D Alkaline Earth Metals D [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 30 (Answer) / 163 Slide 31 / 163 7 To which group on the periodic table does Iron 8 To which group on the periodic table does belong? Beryllium belong? A Alkali Metals A Alkali Metals B Transition Metals B Transition Metals Answer B C Halogens C Halogens D Alkaline Earth Metals D Alkaline Earth Metals [This object is a pull tab] Slide 31 (Answer) / 163 Slide 32 / 163 8 To which group on the periodic table does 9 Two elements are studied. One with atomic Beryllium belong? number X and one with atomic number X+1. It is known that element X is a Noble Gas. Which Alkali Metals A group on the periodic table is X+1 in? B Transition Metals Answer A Transition Metals D C Halogens B Halogens D Alkaline Earth Metals C Alkali Metals D There is no way to tell [This object is a pull tab] Slide 32 (Answer) / 163 Slide 33 / 163 9 Two elements are studied. One with atomic number X and one with atomic number X+1. It is known that element X is a Noble Gas. Which group on the periodic table is X+1 in? Transition Metals A Periodic Table & Electron Halogens Answer B C Configurations C Alkali Metals D There is no way to tell [This object is a pull tab] Return to Table of Contents
Slide 34 / 163 Slide 35 / 163 Periodic Table & Electron Configuration Periodic Table & Electron Configuration 1A 2A 8A 1 2 18 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 13 14 15 16 17 8B The elements are } 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 1B 2B arranged by groups with 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals Noble Gases similar reactivity. Halogens How an element Transition Metals reacts depends on how its electrons are arranged . . . . . . we now know that elements in the same groups, with the same chemical properties have very similar electron configurations. There are two methods for labeling the groups, the older method shown in black on the top and the newer method shown in blue on the bottom. Slide 36 / 163 Slide 37 / 163 Group Names Periodic Table & Electron Configuration Electron Group Name Group # Characteristic Configuration Alkali Metals 1 s 1 ending Very reactive Click here to view an Interactive Periodic Table that shows orbitals for each Element Alkaline Earth 2 s 2 ending Reactive Metals Somewhat Transition ns 2 , (n-1)d 3-12 (d block) reactive, typical ending Metals metals Click here for an electron orbital game. Somewhat Inner Transition ns 2 , (n-2)f f block reactive, ending Metals radioactive Halogens 17 s 2 p 5 ending Highly reactive Noble Gases 18 s 2 p 6 ending Nonreactive Slide 38 / 163 Slide 38 (Answer) / 163 10 The highlighted elements below are in the ___. 10 The highlighted elements below are in the ___. A s block A s block B d block B d block C p block C p block Answer B D f block D f block [This object is a pull tab]
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