different atom IV. Atoms are made up of 3 different particles called - PDF document

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Chapter 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table May 21­8:27 AM Review from Matter and Energy Textbook : 1. All matter is made of tiny particles called ___________________ . 2. ______________________ are the simplest form of a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. May 21­8:28 AM 1

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Review from Matter and Energy Textbook : 1. All matter is made of tiny particles called ATOMS . 2. ELEMENTS are the simplest form of a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. May 21­8:28 AM Atoms are the Smallest Form of Elements All matter is made of atoms……. May 21­8:30 AM 2

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook I. All matter is made up of ATOMS of about 100 ELEMENTS or basic substances. a. HYDROGEN is the most abundant element in the universe, while OXYGEN is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust. II. Every ELEMENT had a unique NAME and SYMBOL . May 21­8:31 AM III. Atoms are made up of 3 subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons . May 22­11:45 AM 3

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Each element is made of a different atom…… IV. Atoms are made up of 3 different particles called SUBATOMIC PARTICLES V. Atoms are mostly made of EMPTY SPACE and a dense center called the NUCLEUS . May 21­8:47 AM NUCLEUS : is the where the MASS of an atom is located Atomic Mass= PROTONS + NEUTRONS May 21­8:47 AM 4

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook a. NEUTRONS : have NO charge and can be found in the NUCLEUS of an atom i. Have a mass of 1 amu ﴾atomic mass unit﴿ ii. # of neutrons = MASS ­ PROTONS . iii. Neutrons are made up of even tinier particles called QUARKS . May 21­8:48 AM b. PROTONS : have a POSITIVE charge and can be found in the NUCLEUS of an atom i. Have a mass of 1 amu ﴾atomic mass unit﴿ ii. ATOMIC NUMBER = the number of protons that can be found in the NUCLEUS of an atom. iii. Protons are made up of even tinier particles called QUARKS . May 21­8:50 AM 5

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Surrounding the Nucleus ﴾empty space﴿ c. ELECTRONS : have a NEGATIVE charge and can be found in a CLOUD flying around the nucleus in ENERGY LEVELS , ORBITALS , and shells. i. Electrons are very very very TINY ; and have very little MASS . Therefore their mass is not taken into consideration when determining an atom’s mass. 1. Mass = protons + neutrons ii. VALENCE electrons are located in the atom’s outermost energy level. There can only be a maximum number of 8 . May 21­8:52 AM IV. BOHR MODEL DRAWINGS OF ATOMS: Instructions: draw the models of the atom and label the nucleus + = protons n = neutrons e ­ = electrons May 21­8:54 AM 6

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook IV. BOHR MODEL DRAWINGS OF ATOMS: Instructions: draw the models of the atom and label the nucleus + = protons n = neutrons e ­ = electrons May 21­8:54 AM IV. BOHR MODEL DRAWINGS OF ATOMS: Instructions: draw the models of the atom and label the nucleus + = protons n = neutrons e ­ = electrons May 21­8:54 AM 7

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Ions and Isotopes…… May 21­8:58 AM ISOTOPES...... VII. ISOTOPES : the same type of atom ﴾element﴿; they have the same number of PROTONS , but a different number of NEUTRONS . May 21­8:58 AM 8

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook ISOTOPES...... a. Because the number of NEUTRONS is different, the atoms have the a different MASS . b. Examples: CARBON­12 , CARBON­14 , CARBON­16 , are all the same type of atom ﴾carbon﴿. They just have different mass numbers ﴾10, 12, and 14﴿. Because they are all carbon atoms, they must have 6 protons each. May 21­8:59 AM IONS...... VIII. IONS : the same type of atom ﴾element﴿; they have the same number of PROTONS , but a different number of ELECTRONS . May 21­9:02 AM 9

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook IONS...... a. Ions have a POSITIVE ﴾+﴿ or NEGATIVE ﴾­﴿ charge: i. Due to the fact that electrons have a NEGATIVE charge, and protons have a POSITIVE charge, when their numbers are EQUAL , the atom is neutral. When the number of ELECTRONS and PROTONS are not equal the atom is CHARGE . May 21­9:02 AM IONS...... b.When atoms LOSE e­ the atoms are POSITIVELY charged c. When atoms GAIN e­ the atoms are NEGATIVELY charged May 21­9:02 AM 10

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook IONS..... d. Examples: i. Mg +2 is a magnesium atom with a ___________ charge, which means it has ____________ electrons. 1. How many? ____________ ii. O ­2 is a oxygen atom with a ______________ charge, which means it has _____________ electrons. 1.How many? ___________ May 21­9:07 AM IONS.... iii. Na + is a sodium atom with a ___________ charge, which means it has _____________ electrons. 1. How many? ___________ iv. Cl ­ is a chlorine atom with a _______________ charge, which means it has ___________ electrons. 1. How many? ___________ May 21­9:10 AM 11

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Review of 1.1 1. An ATOM is the smallest particle of matter. 2. Atoms are made up of 3 subatomic particles: PROTONS and NEURTONS in the NUCLEUS of the atom and the ELECTRONS that fly around the nucleus. 3. The NUCLEUS is the dense center of the atom containing an atom’s protons and neutrons and makes up the atom’s MASS . 4. At atom is made up of mostly EMPTY SPACE . 5. Oxygen­16 and Oxygen­18 are ISOTOPES because they contain the same number of protons but have a different number of neutrons and therefore a different mass. 6. Li + is a lithium ION because it has a positive CHARGE due to the fact that the lithium atom has LOST electrons. 7.H + a hydrogen atom with a POSITIVE charge, which means it has LOST electrons. 1. How many? 1 May 21­9:12 AM 8. Draw a Bohr diagram of a boron atom. May 21­9:14 AM 12

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Elements Make up the Periodic Table May 21­9:14 AM n Elements are organized by similarities I. Scientists believe they could organize elements ﴾different types of atoms﴿ into a chart by their similar properties May 21­9:28 AM 13

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook a. Dmitri Mendeleev organized the chart by ATOMIC MASS . This placed the elements with similar properties into the same row. May 21­9:29 AM b. Today this chart is organized by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER , which is the number of protons in the element. May 21­9:29 AM 14

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook c. We call this chart the PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS . May 21­9:30 AM The Periodic Table organizes the atoms of the elements by properties and atomic number May 21­12:34 PM 15

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook n II. The modern periodic table is organized by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER May 21­12:36 PM III. The periodic table tells the following information about each type of atom on the table: a. Chemical Symbol b. Atomic Number: NUMBER OF PROTONS IN NUCLEUS . c. Average Atomic Mass: NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS d. Oxidation number: Tells if electrons have been lost﴾+﴿ or gained ﴾­﴿ May 21­12:36 PM 16

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook IV. The periodic table is arranged into ROWS called PERIODS and COLUMNS called FAMILIES or GROUPS . May 21­12:39 PM a. A GROUP is a column of ELEMENTS . The elements in a group have similar PROPERTIES . May 21­12:40 PM 17

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook b. A PERIOD is a row of ELEMENTS . These elements have chemical properties that tend to change the same way across the table. Properties like atomic size ﴾radii﴿ and density. May 21­12:40 PM V. Thing to Remember: don’t forget a. Mass = PROTONS + NEUTRONS b. Neutrons = MASS ­ PROTONS c. # of Electrons = # of PROTONS in a stable atom. C MASS Oxidation # PROTONS May 21­12:41 PM 18

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Reading Symbols......... C MASS Oxidation # PROTONS C 12 Mass:_____ + ____ = ____ Protons: Electrons: Neutrons:___ ­ ___ = ____ May 21­12:42 PM Reading Symbols......... C MASS Oxidation # PROTONS O 16 Mass:_____ + ____ = ____ Protons: Electrons: Neutrons:___ ­ ___ = ____ May 21­12:42 PM 19

Atoms & Periodic Table Notes Presentation.notebook Symbol NAME Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons 11 B 7 Li 4 He Be 5 10 10 25 13 May 21­1:16 PM Review of 1.2 1. Atoms on the periodic table are organized by similar _________________ . 2. The modern periodic table is organized by increasing __________________ . 3. Columns on the periodic table are called _____________ or _____________ _. 4. Rows on the periodic table are called ____________________ . 5. The atomic number is the number of _________________ in an atom. 6. The mass number is the number of ____________ and ______________ . May 21­1:22 PM 20