The Legacy of Ancient Greece THE ARTS & ARCHITECTURE DEMOCRACY & PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ALEXANDER THE GREAT 1
Students will be able to describe the development and impact of government as well as citizenship; the scientific and cultural advancements; and the roles and contributions of individuals in Ancient Greece. ANCIENT GREECE 3
3 rd Quarter ISN – Table of Contents Left Side Page Right Side Page 3 rd Q. Table of Contents (Blank) 0 1 (Blank) 2 Greece L. Goal 3 Where in Greece? Answers 4 Geography Cause & Effect 5 Greece Key Vocabulary Part 1 6 Greece Key Vocabulary Part 2 7 City-State called Polis C.N. 8 Forms of Government C.N. 9 Life in SPARTA 10 Life in ATHENS 11 “I am” Rough Draft/Blank 12 “I am” Final Poem 13 Cultural: Theater & Literature CN 14 Cultural: Architecture CN 15 Cultural: Democracy 16 Cultural: Philosophy 17 Scientific: Astronomy 18 Scientific: Math & Physics 19 Alexander the Great 20 Student Created Test Review 21 5
The Arts & Architecture of Ancient Greece 9
Topic: Greek Theater and Literature- p. 364, 411, 412 Essential Question: What new elements did Greek theater and literature introduce? ama : a written work designed for actors to perform Cues: 1. What is a drama? Tragedy - a serious drama that presents the downfall of an important character, like a king. Common themes: love, war, and hate 1. What is the difference Comedy - less serious dramatic work, often made fun of politics, important people, and ideas of the time with happy endings. between a tragedy and comedy? Famous Greek Literature Homer was a blind man who composed the most famous epics (long poems): the Odyssey and the Illiad , about the Trojan War and its 1. Who was Homer and portrayal of heroes like Achilles. what was he famous for? 10
Topic: Greek Architecture- p.412 and 413 Essential Question: What new elements did Greek architecture introduce? deal : a style of Greek art focusing on as perfect a form (objects and Cues: humans) as possible 1. What is the style of Greek A series of columns , called a colonnade, was placed around the art? outside of buildings with graceful proportions. 1. How did the Greeks use Sculptures portrayed the gods and placed in temples to honor them columns and sculptures? Phidias - sculptor who created the statue of Athena in the Parthenon using gold and ivory, standing over 30 feet tall in 447 BC. 1. Who was Phidias and what is he famous for? 11
The Arts & Architecture of Ancient Greece Arts Architecture Drama : a written work designed for actors to perform Ideal : a style of Greek art focusing on as perfect a form (objects and humans) as possible Tragedy - a serious drama that presents the downfall of an A series of columns , called a colonnade, was placed around the important character, like a king. Common themes: love, outside of buildings with graceful proportions. war, and hate Comedy - less serious dramatic work, often made fun of Sculptures portrayed the gods and placed in temples to honor politics, important people, and ideas of the time with them happy endings. Famous Greek Literature Phidias - sculptor who created the statue of Athena in the Homer was a blind man who composed the most famous Parthenon using gold and ivory, standing over 30 feet tall in epics (long poems): the Odyssey and the Illiad , about the 447 B.C. Trojan War and its portrayal of heroes like Achilles. 12
Democracy and the Philosophy of Ancient Greece 14
Topic: Greek Democracy- p. 393, 394, and 395 EQ: How is Direct Democracy different from Representative Democracy? Cues: 1. What are the similarities They share the following: 1) political power is held by all citizens and 2) three branches: law-making, executive, and judicial. between Athenian Direct Democracy and U.S. Direct Democracy- a form of democracy in which citizens Representative Democracy? participate directly in running the government. 1. Define Direct Democracy. Pericles was one of Athens’ greatest leaders. He strengthened democracy by paying public officials. He expanded the empire by 1. Who was Pericles and building a strong naval fleet. He rebuilt and beautified Athens. what is he famous for? C. 15
Topic: Greek Philosophy- p. 414, 415 EQ: Why did the Greeks develop philosophy? philosophy , or the study of basic truths and ideas about the universe, Cues: focused on reason and logic. These laws rule the universe and people 1. Explain the study of Greek could understand them. philosophy. Socrates challenged his students asking them a series of questions to 1. Who was Socrates and how did examine their beliefs. he challenge his students? Plato was a student of Socrates who believed that a philosopher-king should rule a government. 1. Who was Plato and what did he believe? Aristotle was a student of Plato who used the rules of logic for debating and studying areas of science. He tutored Alexander the Great. 1. Who was Aristotle and how was his invention used? Who did he tutor? 16
Science and Technology of Ancient Greece 18
Topic: Greek Science- p. 416, 417 EQ: What scientific discoveries were made by Greeks in Astronomy? Cues: 1. Why was astronomy so Greeks made important discoveries about planets and stars. important to the Greeks? Found a way to estimate the circumference, or distance around Earth 1. What were they able to estimate? Studied the relationship of the sun, moon, and Earth to each other 1. What relationship did they study? Famous Greek FAIL !!! Oops! 1. Who was Ptolemy and what Ptolemy , a scientist, placed Earth at the center of the universe which was NOT was he wrong about? correct but believed for 1,400 years! 19
Topic: Greek Math & Physics- p. 416, 417 EQ: What kinds of discoveries were developed by mathematicians and physicists? Cues: 1. In order for them to study Advanced mathematics was needed to study astronomy so several kinds astronomy, what other subject of math were developed. did they need to develop? Euclid was a mathematician who created the basis for geometry. 1. Who was Euclid and what did he create? Archimedes was an inventor who developed the compound pulley and 1. Who was Archimedes and what explained the law of the lever. His ideas were used to build pumps for did he develop? How were his irrigation systems. ideas used? 20
Alexander the Great & Hellenistic Culture The blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian Styles and Customs The Kingdom of Macedonia Alexander Tries to Conquer the World The Legacy of Alexander Alexander was ready to be king. He After conquering lands, Alexander The country north of Greece called was tutored by the finest Greek left Greeks to set up colonies Macedonia had a strong and fearless scholars, trained in his father’s army, spreading their Greek culture and king, Philip II . and he wanted to create an empire. customs especially Greek language. As a teenager, Philip was a hostage in Many Greek polis feared Alexander’s Hellas was the Greek name for Greece. the Greek polis of Thebes. He observed cruel and bold war tactics against The blending of Greek, Persian (Arabs), their army and military tactics. He used Thebes. He gained full control of Greece. Egyptian and Indians cultures ( cultural this knowledge to build a well-trained He attacked and defeated Persian forces diffusion ) became known as Hellenistic army and new weapons like a catapult in Anatolia before heading south to culture which still exists in those lands and battering rams. Egypt. today. Many Greek polis were disorganized The most famous Hellenistic city was Egyptians welcomed Alexander after the Peloponnesian War (Athens Alexandria, Egypt founded in 332 BC. because they hated the Persians. vs. Sparta) so he conquered them and The city was an important center of They chose him to be their pharaoh. became a dictatorial ruler, ending learning with a library containing democracy. He moved his forces east conquering vast collections of texts attracting He was assassinated at his daughter’s Mesopotamia, Persia (Central Asia), scholars across the lands to study wedding and his son, Alexander (age and the Indus River Valley in India. ideas and create new discoveries. 22 20) took the throne.
Alexander the Great & Hellenistic Culture The blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian Styles and Customs 23
Can YOU apply your ISN notes to Respond to Critical Thinking Questions? With your neighbor, find out if, YOU are prepared for the CFA! Democracy, History, and Art & Architecture Science & Technology Alexander the Great Philosophy What aspects of How did the What qualities did Athenian direct How did the Greek conquests of Greek sculptors and democracy are similar scientists expand Alexander the Great architects seek to to democracy as knowledge about the change the cultures practiced by the of the conquered portray? world? United States? lands? Greek scientists made All the cultures were advances in astronomy, affected by cultural Greek sculptors aimed to create ideal images. Greek Both democracies have mathematics, and physics diffusion. New ideas and architects had the same citizens exercising political that expanded knowledge ways of governing became a goal of creating structures power like voting, and both and understanding about part of life in the conquered have three branches of of beauty, grace, and the world and the solar lands. Learning and government. system. knowledge changed as well. proportion. 35
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