Ancient Greece Geography of Greece Adv. World History World History Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Geography epic poems: the Iliad & the Homer !"#$%&$'())*+,$ Odyssey (each 28,000 lines) -*.$/%0,'*+,%0.$ set of values: courage & honor, the struggle for arete [ahr-i-tey] (good character, excellence) first documents of a Greek self- consciousness : a way of life climb every ford every... Sea ! mountain ! *** A Short History of the World , page 107
Sparta & Athens This! Is! SPARTA!! The warriors vs. the intellects Spartan Men & Women Military State !"#$111 fit hint “come home with ( a ) what was their problem and your shield or on it” ( b ) how did they solve it? who were the helots ? 20 - marry life : rigidly controlled 30 - vote and disciplined freedom & power 60 - retire
Spartan World Sparta kept its strict discipline in 2 kings 5 ephors head of military part by closing itself off from outside influences and new ideas. oligarchy youths’ education citizens’ conduct 28 - men Why was doing so important to 60 - age maintaining their authoritarian society? isolation assembly owned best land aristocracy controlled political life Athens canceled debts Solon no land to poor tyranny How does Spartan life Pisistratus compare to Athens? council of 500 assembly of men: free & open debate Cleisthenes
Why was denying Athenian Men & Women women an education part of controlling them? Compare to men & women of Sparta… *,.-()8 456+,$2*)75(. 2(,$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$3%/(, acropolis The Greek City-State agora Athens: 300,000 by aka: “polis” 5 B.C.
Military “we must regard “I’m so hott” every citizen as belonging to the state” hoplites 1. citizen w/ political rights 2. citizen w/o political rights phalanx 3. non-citizens Greek Colonies pottery lumber wine grain fish slaves The Persian Byzantium (Constantinople) (Istanbul) War tyrants! wealthy class (supported by peasants?!)
The Persian Empire Marathon Plain of Marathon today 39%$-()($'9($:().+*,.1$ Hill where Athenians were buried after the battle Greek Victory The Battle of Thermoplyae you may know it by another name... Battle site today “This. is. Thermoplyae!!”
The Delian League The Pericles Peloponnesian r. 461 b.c. - 429 b.c. War Bye, Bye Persians! HELLOOO, money! click on me! breaks out in 431 b.c. direct democracy Sparta vs. '9($;<=$%&$>075+?$.>(*@+,6 Athens What are the characteristics of a good vs. a bad public speaker? How important is it to be a good public speaker? How do these two societies differ?
...but what happened that NAVY vs. ARMY devastated Athens? 27 ? ? "... first settled in the head, ran its course from thence through the whole of the body, ... Others again were seized with an entire loss of memory on their first recovery, and did not know either themselves or their friends." Thucydides Translation by M.I. Finley in The Viking Portable Greek Historians , pp. 274-275. Alexander the Great Aftermath r. 336 - 323 BC Sparta, Athens, city-states & Thebes whoops... POWER Alexander meets sliced bread.
20 Macedonia The Rise of Alexander Barbarians can’t we all just get along?! (therefore?) military tactics and leadership Alex with teacher Aristotle glory, empire, revenge The Golden Larnax, at the Museum of Vergina, which on who? contains the remains of King Philip II. pop culture Conquests Success & Legacy 37,000 who did he conquer? taught by Aristotle strong created Hellenistic Era “to imitate Greeks” w a y ! t h i s inspired by Achilles why is it important? What did he what happened here? do right here?
Hellenistic Kingdoms & Cities Macedonia Syria Hellenistic Pergamum Egypt World army workers artists Alexandria greek immigrants School of Athens 500,000 scrolls Culture
Archimedes Athenian Philosophy Epicureanism 1. pursuing pleasure 2. remove from public life Stoicism 1. living in harmony with the will of God 2. public service as noble “Eureka!” !"#$%&'( '9($/%.'$+/>%)'*,'$'9+,6$*$/*,$?*,$C%$+.$'%$ ')D$'%$0,C().'*,C$9%-$9($?*,$5+&($*$6%%C$ The Problem of 5+&(E$ -*D$9($'*069'8$F0(.'+%,(C$*5/%.'$ (G()D'9+,6$,%)/*55D$'*@(,$&%)$6)*,'(CE$ Justice ;,C$-9*'$+.$'9($6%%C$5+&($*'$-9+?9$/*,$.9%05C$*+/1$=9($%,5D$ -*D$%&$H,C+,6$%0'$*7%0'$'9+.$-+'9$?()'*+,'DI$+.$'%$(J*/+,($ ?*)(&055D$*)60/(,'.$*7%0'$.0?9$+C(*.$*.$6%%CI$K0.'+?(I$')0'9$L$ A%,'(/>5*'+,6$B%?)*'(. '%$.?)0'+,+M($'9($G*50(.$/(,$5+G($7DE EEE$'%$(J>%.($())%)$*,C$)(/%G($+,'(55(?'0*5$ )077+.9$+.$*$,(?(..*)D$.'(>$'%-*)C.$ C+.?%G()+,6$'9($')0'9E$$
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oes individual freedom exist? Can an individual question the religious Q=9($9%0)$%&$C(>*)'0)($ beliefs of others? 9*.$*))+G(CI$*,C$-($6%$ Can an individual question the political actions of a state? %0)$-*D.$R$N$'%$C+(I$*,C$ Can the state impose its will on an individual human being? D%0$'%$5+G(E$39+?9$+.$ Does the state have the right to condemn 7(''()I$S%C$%,5D$@,%-.ET one of its citizens to die? Should an individual willingly die as a martyr in support of his ideals? Apology, 4th century B.C., rendered by Plato
=9(.($G()D$>%-()&05$F0(.'+%,.$?*,$*55$7($ ')*?(C$7*?@$'%$B%?)*'(.$UIV""$D(*).$*6%E$ =%C*DI$'9(.($F0(.'+%,.$.'+55$,((C$'%$7($ *.@(CE$B%?)*'(.$-*.$*$.+/>5($.?9%5*)$-9%$ *.@(C$F0(.'+%,.$*7%0'$>(%>5(W.$)(5+6+%0.$ *,C$>%5+'+?*5$7(5+(&.E$=9($>(%>5($%&$;'9(,.$ C+C$,%'$5+@($.%$/*,D$F0(.'+%,.$*,C$G%'(C$'%$ '(55$9+/$'%$.'%>E$X($)(&0.(C$*,C$'9(D$ +/>%.(C$'9($C(*'9$>(,*5'D$%,$9+/E$ B%?)*'(.I$')0($'%$9+.$+C(*5.$%&$&)(($.>((?9$ *,C$+,C+G+C0*5$5+7()'DI$@,%-+,65D$C)*,@$'9($ >%+.%,$9($-*.$6+G(,$*,C$C+(CE$
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