THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND SOCIETY Professor Tshilidzi - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

South African Film Summit 4 February 2019 THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND SOCIETY Professor Tshilidzi Marwala Vice Chancellor and Principal, University of Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

Contents • Industrial revolutions • Key technologies that are driving the fourth industrial revolution • Fourth Industrial Revolution and Economics • Fourth Industrial Revolution and Politics • Fourth Industrial and Psychology • Fourth Industrial Revolution and Medical Sciences Contents • Fourth Industrial Revolution and Engineering

History of the Future: Past Futures 1 st Industrial Revolution: knowledge formulation 01 DNA: Newton and James Watt steam mechanization, etc. 2 nd Industrial Revolution: knowledge evolution 02 DNA: Electro-Magnetism by Faraday, Maxwell and Hans Christian Ørsted electrification, mass production, etc. 3 rd Industrial Revolution: knowledge distribution 03 DNA: Transistors based on Semi-Conductors by Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley computerization, Internetization, etc. 4 th Industrial Revolution: knowledge mutation 04 DNA: Artificial Intelligence by Turing cyber-physical systemization, artificial cognization, robotization, etc. Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 3

Technologies for the fourth industrial revolution • Cyber: • Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Blockchain, Quantum • Physical: • 3-D Printing; Robotics; New Materials: graphene • Biological: • Biomedical Engineering; Biotechnology Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 4

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Soft Computing Deep Learning Compu omputa tati tion onal al Inte ntell llig igen ence ce Big Data = Using AI to analyze large amount of data Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 5

Soft Computing: Bluff and Detect Bluffing (Fraud detection) Fuzzy Logic, Multi-Agent System, Mechanism Design Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 6

Computational Intelligence: Ant Colony Optimization • Eugene Marais - Die Siel van die Mier; Ant movement deposits a trail of pheromones; The path with the strongest pheromones then is the shortest path between one point to another; Particle swarm optimization has found use in applications such as scheduling Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 7

Machine Learning: Statistical Approach to AI Citation: http://news.unchealthcare.org/images/science- images/neuron-illustration-1/image_view_fullscreen Citation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence 𝑵 𝑶 𝒛 𝒍 = 𝒈 𝒑𝒗𝒖𝒒𝒗𝒖 𝒙 𝒍𝒌 𝒈 𝒊𝒋𝒆𝒆𝒇𝒐 𝒙 𝒋𝒌 𝒚 𝒋 𝒌=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏 Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 8

Deep Learning Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 9

Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 10 Citation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZxdao4s6rg

KAIST Robot • Learns • Senses • Reacts • Drives • Walks • Almost human. • It is artificially intelligent. • Does it fall in love? • Is it conscious? • Can it be recruited by COSATU? • Can it respond to the call: “ Robots of the world unite, you have nothing to lose but chains”? Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 11

Economics • Demand and Supply • Rational Expectations and Rational Choice • Bounded Rationality and Behavioral Economics • Game Theory and Mechanism Design • Causality and Counterfactuals • Pricing and Portfolio Theory Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 12

Decision Making with Incomplete/Imperfect Information: Prediction of HIV Risk Tshilidzi Marwala, Rendani Mbuvha. (South African Provisional Patent 2018/06344) A system and method for imputing missing data in a dataset, a method and system for determining a health condition of a person, and a method and system of calculating an insurance premium. Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 13

Political Science: Interstate conflict 马瓦拉 Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 14

Psychology Human-Robots Interaction • Impact on behavior of people resulting in interaction with machines • Cognitive development and technology • 4IR and absent parents (e.g. fathers) • 4IR and Job Insecurity • 4IR and Spending Habits • AI and Behavioral Economics Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 15

Medical Application: Detection of epilepsy Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 16

Medical Application: Artificial larynx Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 17

Medical Application: Pulmonary embolism Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 18

Medical Application: Prioritize patients (triage) Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 19

Monitoring the condition of structures Citation: https://city-press.news24.com/Business/whos-to-blame-for- grayston-bridge-collapse-20160710 Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 20

Finite Element Model E.F Morgan & M.L Bouxsein Use of finite element analysis to assess bone strength (2005) 2, 8 – 19 (2005) doi:10.1138/20050187   2   1  n m     K            2 | exp p K K     i j Z  M     1 i j S Szűcs et. al. Finite Element Analysis of the Human Mandible to Assess the Effect of Removing an Impacted Third Molar. J Can Dent Assoc 2010;76:a72 Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 21

Monitoring and predicting dam levels Tshilidzi Marwala, Dipanjan Paul and Satyakama Paul. (South African Provisional Patent 2018/03463) System and method for real time prediction of water level and hazard level of a dam. 22

Regulations and Ethics Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 23

Consequences of the 4 th IR • Post-work era (due to advanced means of production) • Irrelevance in the 4 th IR versus exploitation of 1 st IR • Increase inequality • Bounded freedom (we are being watched) • Bounded decision making by humans • Bounded nationalism • Bounded democracy – (democracy in peril) • Laws and ethics to regulate automation • New economic theories • Human-Robot interaction will create new psychology in people 24

Looking forward • Produce skills for the 4 th IR (WEF): Cognitive Abilities; Systems; Complex Problem Solving; Content; Process; Social; Resource Management; Technical; Physical • Regulation of ownership of data • Understand the relationship between automation and people • Understand automation and the future of work: “The jobs of the future will be those that make people happy or at ease” Khathutshelo Marwala • Adapt to the fast changing world: flipped and blended classrooms • Redefining infrastructure: Wearables, Soft-labs, Simulation • We can achieve these through multi-disciplinary education where human and social sciences understand science and technology and vice versa 25

AI of University of Johannesburg on CNN Marketplace Africa Professor Tshilidzi Marwala l University of Johannesburg 26

… Ngiyabonga… Thank you…