TEP 4215 - Energy and Process The Course Content is primarily - PDF document

Department of Energy and Process Engineering TEP 4215 - Energy Utilization and Process Integration in Industrial Plants, or for short: “Energy and Process”  The Objective is to convey  The Objective is to convey  Systems Thinking and Systematic Methods for  Analysis and Design (and partly Operation) of  Processes and Utility Systems with focus on  Efficient Use of Energy while considering  Economy, Operation and (to some extent) Environment  Requirements to be able to join the Course q j  None (meaning previous courses), but it is an advantage to have some basic knowledge about the following:  heat exchangers, distillation columns, evaporators  turbines, heat pumps and “simple” thermodynamics  Fall 98: 100 students from 8 departments in 4 faculties !! Truls Gundersen 17.01.09 Department of Energy and Process Engineering TEP 4215 - Energy and Process  The Course Content is primarily  System based Strategy for Design of integrated S b d St t f D i f i d Process Plants with corresponding Utility Systems  Systematic Methods for Analysis and Design of  Reactor Systems (very limited and not in depth)  Thermally driven Separation Systems , such as (primarily) Distillation and (to a much less extent) Evaporation  Heat Exchanger Networks and Correct Heat Integration  Utility Systems (heating, cooling and power) Utilit S t (h ti li d )  The Thermodynamically based Pinch Analysis  Brief Introduction to the use of Optimization  Environmental Issues related to Energy Usage  New Design and Retrofit of Existing Plants Truls Gundersen 17.01.09

Department of Energy and Process Engineering TEP 4215 - Energy and Process  The Curriculum for the Course is:  R. Smith: "Chemical Process Design and Integration", 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, January 2005.  T. Gundersen: “Basic Concepts for Heat Recovery in Retrofit Design of Continuous Processes”, Ch. 6 in “A Process Integration Primer”, IEA, 2000 (18 pages).  Lectures and Assignments.  The Assignments are extremely Examination oriented (most of th them are actually previous Examination Questions). t ll i E i ti Q ti )  The Examination will test Understanding through Calculation Examples. This requires Insight and Training/Experience that can only be established through working with the Assignments. • Home Page: http://www.ivt.ntnu.no/ept/fag/tep4215/ Truls Gundersen 17.01.09 Department of Energy and Process Engineering TEP 4215 - Plan for Assignments with Guidance Ass. Topic Supervised Deadline 1 Sequence of Distillation Columns ( ??? ) 27.01 03.02 2 Minimum Energy Requirements and Pinch 03.02 10.02 3 Design of Heat Exchanger Networks (1) 10.02 17.02 4 Optimization of Heat Exchanger Networks 17.02 03.03 5 Retrofit Design of Heat Exchanger Networks 03.03 10.03 6 Indirect Integration of Plants using Steam 10.03 17.03 7 Integration of Distillation Columns 17.03 24.03 8 Optimal Use of Heat Pump 24.03 21.04 9 Area in Heat Exchanger Networks ( ??? ) 21.04 28.04 10 Heat Integration and Forbidden Matches ( ??? ) 28.04 05.05 11 Design of Heat Exchanger Networks (2) ( ??? ) 05.05 none Guidance: One PhD Student, 4 Student Assistants and the Lecturer Truls Gundersen 17.01.09

Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce ess, Energy and System • Reactor System (R)  No questions so far  Any Questions now?  Relevance for the Exam?  Lecturer to provide some wise words….. Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 01 Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce ess, Energy and System • Reactor Separator Interface (R/S)  No questions so far  Any Questions now?  Relevance for the Exam?  Lecturer to provide some wise words….. Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 02

Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce ess, Energy and System • Separation System (S)  Hot and Cold Streams in Distillation Columns  Q: Why is the Reboiler identified as a Cold Stream, while the Condenser is identified as a Hot Stream, when Reboiler has higher Temperature?  A: A mixture is boiling in the Reboiler (liquid to vapor) and condensing in the condenser (vapor to liquid) thus heat must be supplied to the Reboiler liquid), thus heat must be supplied to the Reboiler and removed from the Condenser  A: “Hot/Cold” refers to change in Thermodynamic State, not the absolute Temperature level of streams Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 03 Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce ess, Energy and System • Separation System (S)  mCp Values in Distillation Columns & Utilities  Q: Why are mCp values of condensers and reboilers as well as utilities said to be “infinity”?  A: Consider the following (use Blackboard)  The slope of condensing/vaporizing streams in TQ diagrams  Enthalpy change for sensible vs. latent heat  A: Some Software Packages use  T =1  C for  T 1  C f  A S S ft P k condensing and vaporizing streams (results in very large mCp values, but not “infinity”) Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 04

Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce ess, Energy and System • Heat Recovery System (H)  Stream Splitting (Assignment 4, Task 1):  Q: A bit uncertain about how to find optimal split ratio, and how the economic parameters change based on this? (not sure I understood the last part)  A: Good starting value and parameters that affect the “optimal” split ratio (use the Blackboard?). Remember the Cost Equation!  Also: See next Slide  And: Splits are often removed during Optimization Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 05 Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce  Q  Q ess, Energy and System mCp mCp Pinch (kW/°C) (kW) 100°C 50°C 75°C 20 H1 III C 1000 500 kW  T  I 100°C 70°C H2 90 2700  II T  40°C C1 I 40 2000 2000 kW 50°C 66.67°C C2 II III 30 1200 90°C 700 kW 500 kW Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 06

Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce • Heat Recovery System (H) Heat Recovery System (H) ess, Energy and System  Network Optimization and Alternatives:  Q: The proposed solutions to previous Exams present several alternatives for network optimization; how many solutions are expected during the Exam?  A: Solutions include many alternatives to make the grading easier and to show the 2 nd Examiner (and later year students) that many alternatives exist.  A: With  A: With only 4 hours, the best Strategy is to mention l 4 h th b t St t i t ti where alternatives exist and argue why one specific is chosen. Most important is the documentation of mastering the methodology (Loops and Paths). Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 07 Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce • Heat Recovery System (H) Heat Recovery System (H) ess, Energy and System  Pinch Design Method and Stream Splitting (Exam 10 May 2003, Task 1.c):  Q: I do not understand why C1 has to be split above Pinch? Both  T, mCp and n rules are satisfied even if C1 is not split and matched with H1 & H2 directly.  A: This is the very heart of the Pinch Design Method and relates to the notion of Pinch Exchangers . Use Blackboard to explain.  Also: See the next slides where the Stream Grid and the resulting design are shown. Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 08

Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce  Q  Q  Q  Q ess, Energy and System mCp mCp 150°C 100°C 60°C 2500 50 2000 H1 180°C 50°C 2400 30 1500 H2 90°C 140°C 4500 — 90 C1 50°C 1800 180°C 20 800 C2 90°C Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 09 Questions before Exam Process Integration R S H U TEP 4215 Proce mCp 100°C ess, Energy and System 150°C 150 C 60°C 100°C 84°C 50 H1 I IV C a 1200 180°C 50°C 30 166.7°C 100°C H2 III II C b 1500 134.4°C  90°C 90 140°C C1 2500  149 3°C 149.3 C 20 20 50°C 180°C 110°C 2000 90°C H C2 1400 400 800 90°C Question Session T. Gundersen Q - 10