Tackling Electricity for East Indonesia Prof J. Scott Younger Team - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Renewable le Energy Regulatory ry Support Proje ject Tackling Electricity for East Indonesia Prof J. Scott Younger Team Leader Morrisey Hotel , Jl. K. H. Wahid Hasyim No. 70, Jakarta, 10340 19 September 2018

Current PLN pla lan for RE by 2027 • National Coverage - 23 % • Currently - 12 % • National Demand Growth Rate - 6.86 % Overall Planor 2027 • Coal - 54 • Gas - 22.2 ( Limited Reserve ?) • Fuel Oil - 0.4 ( Imported ) • Transmission Lines - 63,855 km • Distribution Networks - 526,390 km • Local / Smartgrids - ?

Renewable Resources in Indonesia Potensial Output ( GW ) Type of Renewable

Map of East Indonesia Totals Population • Sulawesi • NTB • NTT • Maluku • North Maluku • Papua

Projected Population of f East In Indonesia % of Indonesian % of Indonesian Province 2017 2035 Population Population South Sulawesi 8,690,300 3.32 9,696,000 3.17 Central Sulawesi 2,966,300 1.13 3,640,800 1.19 South East Sulawesi 2,602,400 0.99 3,458,100 1.13 North Sulawesi 2,461,000 0.94 2,743,700 0.90 East Sulawesi 1,331,000 0.51 1,763,300 0.58 Gorontalo 1,168,200 0.45 1,430,100 0.47 Total Sulawesi 19,219,200 7,34 22,732,000 7,44 Maluku 1,744,700 0.67 2,227,800 0.73 North Maluku 1,209,300 0.46 1,603,600 0.52 East Nusa Tengara 5,287,300 2.02 6,829,100 2.23 West Nusa Tengara 4,955,600 1.89 5,754,200 1.88 Papua 3,265,200 1.25 4,144,600 1.36 West Papua 915,400 0.35 1,305,000 0.43 Total East Indonesia 17,377,500 6,64 21,864,300 7,15 Total Overall 36,596,700 13,98 44,596,300 14,59 BPS Indonesia

East Indonesia: Population & Administrative Information Number of Number of Number of Number of Urban Population Population density Number of Province Capital Area (km²) Regencies Districts ( Villages Commities ( (2015)[6] per Km2 (2010) Cities (kota) (Kabupaten) kecamatan) (desa) Kelurahan) 2,872,857 61,841 41 1 12 174 1,839 168 Central Sulawesi Palu 2,409,621 13,851 162 4 11 167 1,490 332 North Sulawesi Manado 8,512,608 46,717 151 3 21 306 2,253 785 South Sulawesi Makassar 1,279,994 16,787 73 0 6 69 576 71 West Sulawesi Mamuju 2,495,248 38,067 51 2 15 209 1,820 377 Southeast Sulawesi Kendari 1,131,670 11,257 94 1 5 77 657 72 Gorontalo Gorontalo 5,112,760 48,718 92 1 21 306 2950 318 East Nusa Tenggara Kupang 4,830,118 18,572 234 2 8 116 995 142 West Nusa Tenggara Mataram 1,683,856 46,914 32 2 9 118 1,191 33 Maluku Ambon 1,160,275 31,982 31 2 8 113 1,063 117 North Maluku Sofifi Special Region of West 868,819 97,024 8 1 12 203 1,628 87 Papua Manokwari 3,143,088 319,036 8 1 28 524 5,118 107 Special Region of Papua Jayapura

15 MW 15 MW Biomass Biomass plant ( plant (PL PLTBm TBm) ) in in Pontiana ontianak

Kupang Solar Project

Comparative Structure for Provision of Electricity Services Investment Operations Regulations Developed Countries Both Public and Private Sectors Regional entities Separate Govt Body Indonesia Through Govt National PLN some IPP National PLN

Fu Futu ture e Role oles s – Ne New w Fram amew ewor ork • PLN Regulatory and transmission; sell-off generation; corporatized/stock exchange; divide into regional bodies • LG Distribution; support to villages – sub-transmission lines • Remote communities renewable energy; local smart grids • Private sector Generation; shareholders in floated PLN entities; assisting development of smart grids, e.g. Eastern Indonesia

Energy Law 3 Levels • International • National • Local

Global Investment in Energy • USD 44 Trillion • USD 11 Trillion in Electricity Generation • 50 % in Asia Pacific

CO2 Production • USA 25 % with 4 % of World • China Second with 20 % of World Population

PLN RE development Strategy • The development of the RE generator still takes into account the supply-demand balance of the system and economic readiness. • PLN will utilize renewable energy sources from the types of flow energy and water, geothermal energy (including small scale / modular), biofuels, wind energy, solar energy, biomass and waste etc. and support efforts RE-BID (Renewable Energy Based on Industrial Industrial Development) • Specifically regarding Solar power plant , it was carried out to develop centralized PV and to electrify many remote communities far from the grid in underdeveloped areas, forefront island bordered with neighboring countries and other islands. • Hybrid Plants (solar and Diesel), This strategy is prioritized for areas with low hours of electricity (under 12 hours / day), generally Eastern Indonesia • Development of Micro grids for isolated areas. Areas which is in the next 2-3 years have not been planned to build distributions or small thermal generators, it is proposed to use Solar power plant. • Use of biofuels for existing Diesel power plant.

Momentum for change in energy sector • Change from within and without – from government agencies, academia, think-tanks and private sector. • Since the TPSA project started in April 2018, there has been a marked acceleration in demand for change in the energy sector. • Change includes a far greater reliance on Indonesia’s vast renewable energy resources. • PLN called on the government to provide a special subsidy for renewable energy in an effort to alleviate financial risks for the private sector investors and accelerate growth in the sector (and to enable the country to meet its commitment to achieve the 23 percent renewable energy share in power generation by 2025). • Economic experts have suggested the government should raise fuel prices in order to cut fuel imports to narrow the current account deficit without significantly harming domestic industries.

Net new generation capacity installed worldwide in 2017

Solar (photo voltaic - PV • by installing only 0.1 percent of our land area with PV, our solar potential is enough for our energy needs for a whole year, says Dr Ir Tri Desmana Rachmildha of ITB’s Electrical Power Research Group. • It’s a tropical country thathas very good sunshine across the year. It does not have a winter season, which is the case for countries further away from the equator. • We think it is the most suitable [energy option] for Indonesia and I have given this information to people in Parliament,” says Dr Ir Rachmildha . “Maybe it will be influencing the future in Indonesia.

Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) • PHES a technique to store energy produced by electricity generation • where generated power is stored as potential energy using reservoirs at different altitudes -when there is excess solar or wind electricity, water is pumped from the lower to upper reservoir • when you want to recover that energy, the water comes back down through the pipe, through the turbine, to recreate the electricity • Due to its mountainous landscape, Indonesia is well-suited to utilising pumped-storage hydroelectricity technology

PV and PHES can provide 100% of Indonesia’s energy needs • Research demonstrating that Indonesia’s annual energy needs can be met by installing solar power on only 0.1 percent of its landmass has been presented to policy-makers. • 657 potential PHES sites on Bali identified with combined potential storage capacity of 2,300 Gigawatt-hours • Most of the 657 potential Bali PHES sites are off-river and there is also large potential on other islands, especially in Eastern Indonesia. • Sufficient to support a 100% renewable Indonesian electricity grid • PHES requires pairs of modestly sized reservoirs at different altitudes, typically with an area of 100 hectares. • Off-river PHES typically delivers maximum power for between five and 25 hours depending on the size of the reservoirs • PHES accounts for 97% of energy storage worldwide because it is the cheapest form of large-scale storage, with an operational lifetime of 50 years or more.

Potential otential PHES PHES sites sites in in Bali Bali

Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) site potential

Increasing RE potential 2017-2026 Potential New Power Plant Addition

Mixed energy projection Projection of Energy Mix