Sustainable Traffic Development in Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana City, Albania Tirana City, Albania Marieta Mima Mima Marieta Director, ECAT Tirana Director, ECAT Tirana ECAT Tirana 1
Some background information on Albania Some background information on Albania environment environment � Albania is a small country, 28,748 km2, situated in south- eastern Europe at the western part of the Balkan Peninsula � The natural landscape and biodiversity in general and beautiful coastline in particular - major assets of Albania � Nevertheless this is seriously hindered by the present state of environment � Poor infrastructure - critical factor impacting on environment and health. � Territorial adjustment plans prepared by MoPWTT cover only urban development with little regard for environment � Almost no integrated, environmental-lead planning studies involving the MoEFWA in the planning process exist 2
Some background information on Albania environment Some background information on Albania environment Current state of affairs in the relevant sectors A dramatic increase in number of cars imported into the country � (from 2000 to 2005, the overall vehicle fleet, including motorcycles, went from 185,000 to 264,000). Air pollution caused by the transport sector is mainly due to both � characteristics of the vehicle fleet and the quality of oil products More than 80% of the cars are equipped with old diesel engines, � There are only nine air monitoring sites in the whole country, that � mainly due to problems on financing the monitoring programme (equipment and sample transport). The data from the existing network show that SPM and PM10 � parameters in urban air are dangerously above the WHO guidelines and nitrite and ozone content increases proportionally with the number of vehicles. � Tirana has no efficient urban public transport 3
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Traffic Trends in Albania Traffic Trends in Albania The increasing � of vehicles in the 160000 beginning of the 140000 90th 120000 � An actual 100000 increasing rate Cars 80000 for the traffic of Lorries 30 % per year. Buses 60000 Other 40000 � The fraction of the vehicles in 20000 Tirana is roughly 0 60 % of the total 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 in Albania. 5
Traffic Impact in Air Pollution Levels in Tirana Traffic Impact in Air Pollution Levels in Tirana Traffic and construction activities are the main factors of increased air pollution in Tirana 6
Level of the air pollution Level of the air pollution The particulate matter (PM10) as a major pollutant in the city of Tirana . 600 500 400 PM10 SO2 300 NO2 O3 200 100 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 Level of some of air pollutants for one measurement point in Tirana, considered as a hot spot 7
Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana City, Albania City, Albania Overall Project Objective To improve the traffic situation in Tirana city Key Components Preparation of an Integrated Urban Traffic Concept; � Development of a strategy for the measurement of traffic-related air � pollution; Enhancing professional experience of traffic management through � organizing training courses for key staff; � Raising public awareness of traffic-related environmental impacts. 8
Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana City, Albania City, Albania Financed by: EU/LIFE Third Countries Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature, Conservation and Nuclear safety of Germany Partners: Municipality of Tirana Ministry of Environment Forest and Water Administration of Albania Institute of Public Health of Albania Ministry of Transport/Institute of Transport Institute of Environment of Albania 9
Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana Project: Sustainable Traffic Development in Tirana City, Albania City, Albania Component 2: Component 2: Evaluation of traffic-related Air Pollution Air Pollution Evaluation of Objective : A comprehensive strategy for the measurement of traffic- related air pollution will be elaborated and implemented to get a set of samples and data, which are statistically safe and comparable to Western limit and guideline values Activities: Elaboration of strategies for emission reduction a) elaboration of an action plan for short term solutions with a list of priorities for emission reduction b) elaboration of the most effective measures for emission reduction (from the financial point of view) also considering possible legal measures and enhanced enforcement 10 c) elaboration of a long term action plan for emission reduction.
Current status of air quality monitoring in Albania (some Current status of air quality monitoring in Albania (some findings) findings) � Serious need to upgrade the monitoring system. � The monitoring information obtained from scientific research and monitoring institutes, subcontracted by the MoEFWA, is not systematically organised � None of the organisations providing monitoring data to the MoEFWA is accredited. � The State of the Environment Reports published bi-annually by the MoE is based only on the data obtained as MS Word files. � Databases of raw data allowing for independent interpretation or evaluation of the results in terms of their quality do not exist. � The information flow by electronic means among the ministries and between the national and local offices is underdeveloped. � The information flow in its present form is certainly not focused on producing elements for decision-making in environmental management 11
One of sampling point in Tirana in a height of approx. 3.5 m One of sampling point in Tirana in a height of approx. 3.5 m The photos show one sampling point in Tirana with some equipment for passive samplers in a height of approx. 3.5 m. This method could be used for getting orienting values for NO 2 and SO 2 (calibration is needed). The sampler for particulates (PM10) has been installed at the balcony (behind the steel rods). Sampling equipment at another measuring point in Tirana (suspended particles, passive 12 samplers)
Air Quality Monitoring in Albania Air Quality Monitoring in Albania � The used equipment and applied methodologies do not meet the requirements of Western standards or respecting EU- Directives. � The main reason for the deviations referring the above mentioned standards is the obsolete sampling equipment. � The instrumentation of laboratories and sampling devices are not sufficient to perform samplings according to the EU-Directives. � To avoid manipulation or even demolition of the sampling devices, the equipment was fixed in heights of approx. 10 m or was placed in protected areas like balconies. This sampling equipment for PM10 and suspended particles (pump, impingers, gas washing flasks, gas meter) allows low volume sampling (max. 4 l/min) only. Due to the age (approx. 40 years old) the reliability of the equipment and values is week. 13
Air Quality Monitoring in Albania Air Quality Monitoring in Albania Current system of monitoring � Low number of values, no system to control their accuracy and the statistical methods used not reliable � No possibility to calibrate passive samplers, values for air pollutants are not validated, � There is no automatic monitoring station � Lack of technical training, intercalibration exercises and join programmes with EU partner organization � Used equipment and applied methodologies for air pollution monitoring are not equivalent to EU Directives, 14
Air Quality Monitoring in Albania Air Quality Monitoring in Albania Current system of monitoring : The simple sampling equipment as defined in our project is not � acceptable. it is mandatory to perform high quality measurement for the � evaluation of the air quality.To implement the required standard of equipment according to the EU-Directives, the budget for the equipment must be extended from 80.000 € to 250.000 €. The implementation of the required equipment according to the EU- � Directives allows: the determination whether the air quality is adequate to protect the � health of Tirana's inhabitants provides the platform from which to develop strategies to improve � the air quality and traffic situation in Tirana. 15
Measurement of of traffic-related Air Pollution Air Pollution Measurement Due to the age (approx. 40 years old) the reliability of the present equipment installed in IES and values is Donated measuring equipment 16 week
Measurement of of traffic-related Air Pollution Air Pollution Measurement Acquiring equipments for air pollution measurement � Federal Environmental Agency of Germany willing to donate two monitoring containers, � Need for calibration and refurbishing costing around 39,000 euros � Other costs include transportation to Albania, custom duties, VAT, installation costs, � Building permition to install the equipment to be issued by the Municipality of Tirana. Ownership of the equipments in the future � Meetings with different officials levels of Ministry of Environment, Forests and Water Administration, Institute of Environment, Institute of Public Health, MoT Aiming cooperation with the Environmental Monitoring Project (CARDS) � Meetings and correspondence with team leader and experts of the CARDS project, official of EC Delegation, Life deputy head � National Air Quality Reference Centre / monitoring instiutte 17
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