Sustainable development policy of the EU in the context of climate - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sustainable development policy of the EU in the context of climate change Lutz Ribbe (Euronature), Member of the Economic and Social Committee round table EU/ China, Nov 14, 2007 1

sustainable development and the EU - Brundlandt Report, Conferences in Rio (1992) and Johannesburg (2002) - First EU-Strategy, adopted in 2001 on the summit in Göteborg, called: the „Göteborg-strategy“ - EU-summit June 2006 in Vienna: a revised, „new“ strategy 2

Trends towards unsustainability - climate debate: we do produce too much CO 2 - biodiversity: we are not able to stop the loss of biodiversity (by 2010) - fishery: over fishing - resources : overuse of resources - water : will become a global issue 3

The biggest CO 2 -producer (2005) (in million tons) 6526 5327 responsible for 2/3 of the global CO 2 -Emission 2532 1406 982 880 611 532 438 502 e y * a K * y n a A a l a c n i n a a U S i s d n a d p i t s h U I a m a n a u C r n I J R F r a e C G 4 *= 2002 source: iwr

The biggest CO 2 -producer (2005) (in million tons) 6526 Red = G8-member states 5327 G8 (13% of global population) responsible for appr. 45% of the global CO2 Emission USA: more than 22% 2532 1406 982 880 611 532 438 502 e y * a K * y n a A a l a c n i a n a U S i s d n a d p i t s U h I a a m n a u C n r I J R r F a e C G *= 2002, source: iwr 5

CO 2 - Emission (tons/ per capita + year) 21,0 19,7 20,0 19,0 18,0 18,0 16,7 17,0 16,0 15,0 14,0 13,0 12,0 10,4 10,2 11,0 10,0 8,0 9,0 7,5 8,0 7,0 6,0 4,4 5,0 4,0 3,0 3,0 1,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 a d d ) a . a y a A l 5 a i n n i l n d S d r 2 s r a i o a a n h ( s t U m s W l n u I o U C u a R r P E A e C G 6

CO 2 - sources (EU(25)) Households Services etc. Transport 12% 7% 26% Power Industry Generation 16% 39% Source: DG Tren, Dated: 2004 7

Decisions of the EU-summit - CO 2 reduction (EU-summit, march 2007): - -30% until 2020, if other industrialized countries contribute in the same way - “guaranteed”: -20% until 2020 - -60 to -80% until 2050 (basis: 1990) - ambitious goals! Commission: a new „industrial revolution“ 8

CO 2 - emission (tons/ per capita) 2005 11,0 10,2 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,5 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 Poland Germany EU today today today 9

2020: goal - 30% 11,0 10,2 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,5 8,0 7,1 7,0 5,6 6,0 5,3 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 Poland Poland Germany Germany EU today EU 2020 today 2020 today 2020 10

2050: goal - 60% 11,0 10,2 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,5 8,0 7,1 7,0 5,6 6,0 5,3 5,0 4,1 4,0 3,2 3,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 Poland Poland Poland Germany Germany Germany EU today EU 2020 EU 2050 today 2020 2050 today 2020 2050 11

2050: goal - 80% 11,0 10,2 10,0 9,0 8,0 7,5 8,0 7,1 7,0 5,6 6,0 5,3 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,1 1,5 1,6 2,0 1,0 0,0 Poland Poland Poland Germany Germany Germany EU today EU 2020 EU 2050 today 2020 2050 today 2020 2050 12

„Revolution“ - Highly ambitious, yet feasible goals - Commission: „The days of cheap fossile energies are over“ - As energy becomes more expensive,“wasting“ energy becomes more expensive too - Technical innovation along with energy saving/using efficient devices becomes a „business“ 13

Problem - How are we to reach a reduction of 20%, 30% or even 60 to 80% ? - The EU does set goals, but indicates almost no instrument to reach these goals - Neither the so-called sustainability strategy nor the „Green Paper on market economy instruments“ provide for an actual guidance on this field 14

Energy package - 20% of all energy coming from renewable sources (by 2020) - 10% biofuels (by 2020 ☺ + � ) - Energy efficiency : +20% until 2020 � 1,5% each year: buildings, cars, products - Transport policy (more railway) - Taxation, emission trading 15

Are energy saving and energy efficiency sufficient ? - Reaching these ambitious goals is not a mere technical issue. - It takes more than saving energy and technological solutions - Is is all about power and markets; the idea is to „make money“ - Interest groups ! 16

Centralised/De-centralised structures - The age of fossile energy was/is the age of centralised, relatively unefficient energy production structures - Large power plants with low efficiency rates (35 to 45%, residual heating) - Very few global operating oil companies; not many large energy suppliers - In Germany: RWE, Eon, EnBW, Vattenfall - In France: EdF 17

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Centralised/De-centralised structures - The age of regenerating energies becomes the age of de-centralised and efficient energy structures: � Sun on the roof (Electricity and Heating) � Combined Power and Heating Systems (with more than 90% energy efficiency, instead of 45% in the case of large power (coal/nuclear)) plants � De-centralised energy circuits using biomass 19

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Who will profit? - New market players, new workplaces in the regions: energy saving techniques, short- distance supply networks, solar energy and local workforce, biogas, including vegetable oil technologies - The new „large“ energy suppliers wish to maintain centralised structures; they live from them (see: biofuel strategy, division between production and network) 21

Transport as another example - today: 25% of all CO 2 emissions in the EU - each European emits appr. 2 to/ year just in the transport sector � global acceptable amount per capita - EU Commission: + 38% by 2020 22

Who is responsible? - that we have the problems? - for finding and implementing solutions? - what is the role of the EU, of the member states, and … - … of the cities? - where does the new “revolution” starts? „Think global, act local“ 23

SDS strategy … The revised SDS strategy described (9.6.2006): the need of „decoupling of economic growth and transport demand “ 24

… the reality review of the “white book on transport“ (22.6.2006): � GDP 2000 – 2020: + 52% � freight transport on roads: + 55% � air traffic: + 108% � Freight transport on rail: + 13% � Passanger transport rail: + 19% 25

an extreme unsustainable trend

The role of the regions and cities - 40% (!) of all CO 2 emission in the transport sector are produced within urban areas!!! - Responsible for the transport policy there: not the EU! - We do know a lot of good and (many more) bad examples of sustainable urban transport policies (s. EESC Opinion) 27

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urban transport policy! - No sustainable development in the EU without engagement of cities/ regions - EESC asked for … … promoting public transport! Wroclaw/ Krakow: some (slow) positive development New trams in Lodz! Problems with structural funds in Poland … promoting bicycles and pedestrians (= good for environment and health) big differences: NL = ☺ , Brussels = � , Lodz = ? 34

summary - We need a new energy- and transport policy - Sustainable development needs a „bottom-up approach“, no „top down“ - Without the engagement of the cities and the regions we will not succeed with the „revolution“ - Who is making decisions? - Politicians! But: discuss with civil society about their future and the future of their children 35

„The cities are the key player for the sustainable development “ Margot Wallström , Vice-President of the EU- Commission, former commissioner for environment 12.6.2007 36

The future The politicians on local and regional level have to make clear decisions They must to be „leader of the revolution“ 37

… let´s explore new avenues! 38